Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This study adopts a retrospective design, continuously including patients with TBI treated at the Emergency Trauma Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from May 2017 to September 2024. Investigators used the hospital's electronic medical record system to collect clinical data. The patients' age, gender, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, medication history, mechanism of injury, mean arterial pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale, and other information were recorded upon emergency admission. Laboratory indicators included white blood cell count, hemoglobin (HB) levels, platelet count, C-reactive protein, international normalized ratio (INR), and albumin. Myocardial injury markers included alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), myoglobin, NT-pro BNP, and high-sensitivity troponin T. Additionally, continuous ECG monitoring was conducted for 24 hours after admission.
This study adopts a retrospective design, continuously including patients with TBI treated at the Emergency Trauma Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University from May 2017 to September 2024. Investigators used the hospital's electronic medical record system to collect clinical data. The patients' age, gender, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, medication history, mechanism of injury, mean arterial pressure, Glasgow Coma Scale, and other information were recorded upon emergency admission. Laboratory indicators included white blood cell count, hemoglobin (HB) levels, platelet count, C-reactive protein, international normalized ratio (INR), and albumin. Myocardial injury markers included alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), myoglobin, NT-pro BNP, and high-sensitivity troponin T. Additionally, continuous ECG monitoring was conducted for 24 hours after admission.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| This study takes the GOS score at 6 months follow-up after patient discharge as the primary endpoint |
Not provided
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glasgow Outcome Score | Glasgow Outcome Score
| 6 months after discharge |
| Standard deviation of all NN intervals（SDNN） | This metric measures the standard deviation of normal beat-to-beat intervals (SDNN) present within the heart rhythm. It is a time domain measure of heart rate variability（HRV）, and it serves as a marker of overall adaptability of the nervous system. | Day 1 post-TBI. |
| The average of all 5-minute standard deviations of NN intervals across a 24-hour period (SDNN index) | The average of all 5-minute standard deviations of NN intervals across 24 hours (SDNN index). Reflects combined parasympathetic and sympathetic modulation | day 1 post TBI |
| The root mean square of successive differences between NN intervals (RMSSD) | The Root Mean Square of Successive Differences between NN intervals (RMSSD) quantifies the variability in time intervals between consecutive normal heartbeats (NN intervals) on an electrocardiogram (ECG). Reflects parasympathetic (vagal) tone, as it captures rapid, beat-to-beat changes in heart rate mediated by the autonomic nervous system. A higher RMSSD indicates greater HRV and adaptability of the cardiovascular system, often associated with better stress resilience and recovery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glasgow Coma Scale | Its values range from 3 to 15. 13 to 15: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). 9 to 12: Moderate TBI.3 to 8: Severe TBI. | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Hypertension history | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Mild-to-moderate TBI patients admitted to our emergency department (May 2017- Sep 2024) were diagnosed by CT, symptoms, history, and physical examination.
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Emergency Medicine，the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. | Suzhou | Jiangsu | 215100 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40614040 | Derived | Wu C, Liu L, Chen D, Zhu W, Xu F, Yang P. The Predictive Value of Heart Rate Variability for the Prognosis of Patients with Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurol Ther. 2025 Oct;14(5):1889-1901. doi: 10.1007/s40120-025-00792-0. Epub 2025 Jul 4. |
Not provided
Not provided
Publish in the form of an academic paper
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Day 1 post-TBI |
| The proportion of consecutive NN intervals differing by over 50 ms, relative to the total number of NN intervals (pNN50) | A higher pNN50 indicates greater parasympathetic dominance. A lower pNN50 suggests reduced vagal tone, common in stress, aging, or pathologies. | day 1 post-TBI |
| Triangle index | The Triangle Index is a global measure of heart rate variability derived from the geometric properties of an NN interval histogram. A higher value indicates greater overall HRV, reflecting healthy autonomic nervous system function. | day 1 post TBI |
| HRV High Frequency Power | Baseline level of High Frequency HRV power (0.15-0.4 Hz) measured in ms2/Hz recorded on day 1 of TBI | Day 1 post-TBI |
| HRV low frequency power | Low-frequency (LF) power (typically 0.04-0.15 Hz) is a spectral component of HRV reflecting mixed sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on heart rate, with potential contributions from baroreflex activity. | Day 1 post- TBI |
| HRV very low frequency power | VLF (Very-Low-Frequency) power is a spectral component of heart rate variability (HRV) in the 0.0033-0.04 Hz range (or sometimes <0.05 Hz). VLF is linked to long-term autonomic and neurohormonal control. | Day 1 post- TBI |
| Diabetes history | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Age | Baseline |
| White Blood Cell Count | White Blood Cell (WBC) count refers to the measurement of the total number of white blood cells (leukocytes) per microliter (µL) or cubic millimeter (mm³) of blood. These cells are a crucial component of the immune system, playing essential roles in defending the body against infections, foreign substances, and diseases. | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Hemoglobin | Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) is an iron-containing protein found in red blood cells (RBCs) that binds oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to tissues throughout the body while also transporting carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation. | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Platelets (thrombocytes) | Platelets (thrombocytes) are small, colorless cell fragments in the blood that play a crucial role in clotting and stopping bleeding. The platelet count (PLT) measures the number of platelets per microliter (μL) of blood. | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | C-reactive protein (CRP) is a liver-produced protein that increases rapidly in response to inflammation, infection, or tissue damage. It is a key acute-phase reactant used to detect and monitor inflammatory conditions. | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| International Normalized Ratio | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Albumin | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Alpha-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Creatine Kinase | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Creatine Kinase-MB | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| Myoglobin | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| N-Terminal pro-BNP | On Day 1 after TBI onset |
| High-Sensitivity Troponin T | On Day 1 after TBI onset |