Measured Versus Estimated Energy Requirement in the ICU Patients

Caloric Estimation Using Predictive Equations and Indirect Calorimetry in ICU Patients

The goal of this observational study is to compare energy requirements estimated by predictive equation and indirect calorimetry across different BMI categories, and to examine how these estimates, along with early nutritional strategies and progressive caloric delivery relate to ICU outcomes. The main questions it aims to answer are:

1. To evaluate whether predictive equation and/or indirect calorimetry provides accurate caloric targets in critically ill patients.
2. To identify high-risk malnutrition patients (underweight, normal and overweight, obese) who may benefit most from IC-based measurement.
3. To investigate the impact of caloric strategies and nutritional achievement during the acute phase on the length of ICU stay.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Length of ICU stay > 4 days
• Mechanically ventilated adults (>20 y/o)
• Tube feeding
• At high risk of malnutrition by Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria: underweight and obesity
• Doctor's preference: cachexia, hypermetabolic status, TPN etc.,…

Exclusion Criteria:

• Length of ICU stay <4 days
• Mechanically ventilated adults (<=20 y/o)