Power training performed at maximum velocity in the concentric phase with lower to moderate intensity

Power training performed at maximum velocity in the concentric phase with moderate to high intensity

Power training performed at maximum velocity in the concentric phase with moderate to high intensity

The power output during strength exercises is assessed using an encoder linear at two different intensities: 30% and 70% of 1RM in leg extension and leg press 45. Power output is the ability to generate force quickly and is a key measure of explosive strength. These tests are performed using different resistance levels to assess power across a range of intensities.

Measurement Tool: Encoder linear (linear encoder or velocity-based device)

Scale: Power output in watts (W)

Higher scores indicate better power performance at each intensity.

Muscle strength is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to generate force against resistance. It reflects the maximum force that can be produced in a single effort and is essential for daily activities and overall physical function. One Repetition Maximum (1RM) is used to quantify maximal strength.

Measurement Tool: 1RM testing

Scale: 1RM (measured in kg)

Higher scores indicate better strength performance.

Rate of force development refers to the speed at which force is generated by a muscle or muscle group. It is a critical measure of neuromuscular performance, especially in activities that require explosive strength or rapid reactions. RFD is measured during maximal voluntary contractions.

Measurement Tool: Load Cell

Scale: Measured in Newtons per second (N/s)

Higher scores indicate better neuromuscular performance.

Functional capacity refers to an individual's ability to perform activities required for daily living, such as walking, climbing stairs, or carrying objects. It reflects overall physical function and is often used to assess health status, particularly in older adults or clinical populations. The following tests were selected to assess functional capacity:

Stair Climbing Test Scale: Total time to climb and descend a predetermined number of stairs. Shorter time indicates better performance. Timed Up and Go (TUG) Scale: Total time in seconds. Shorter time indicates better mobility and agility. 6-Meter Walk Speed Test Scale: Total time to walk 6 meters (seconds). Shorter time indicates faster walking speed. Sit-to-Stand Test (5 times) Scale: Total time to complete the 5 repetitions. Shorter time indicates better muscle strength and functional capacity.