There are both common and individual characteristics in patients with type B aortic dissection. Currently, for all subtypes of acute type B dissection, proximal endovascular repair is mostly performed during the subacute phase, while the distal dissection of the descending aorta is often managed with a "watch and wait" strategy. However, such a uniform approach carries potential risks, including imprecise indications, inappropriate timing, and uncertain prognosis. Our research team has previously established a comprehensive database and imaging repository of nearly 10,000 cases of type B dissection. Building upon existing subtypes-such as acute complicated, uncomplicated, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, and intramural hematoma-we have further explored refined classifications, including acute high-risk types and localized contrast enhancement of the aortic wall. For patients with different subtypes and at different stages of dissection-such as hyperacute, acute, or subacute-it is critical to develop individualized treatment strategies. These may include optimal medical therapy, isolated proximal endovascular repair, or combined proximal repair with distal bare stent implantation. Therefore, a large-scale clinical study is urgently needed to identify the optimal timing and approach for intervention based on refined classification schemes, and to establish personalized, stratified treatment strategies for different patient groups.

This project aims to conduct a real-world, prospective, multicenter, parallel-controlled study to compare outcomes between isolated proximal endovascular repair and combined proximal repair with distal bare stent implantation in patients with acute complicated or high-risk type B aortic dissection. The goal is to determine the most effective surgical approach for improving distal perfusion and promoting favorable aortic remodeling, thereby guiding treatment decision-making.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male participants aged ≥18 years or non-pregnant female participants
• Diagnosed with acute complicated type B aortic dissection (defined as rupture/imminent rupture, associated ischemic syndromes [bowel, renal, or lower limb ischemia], radiologic progression of dissection or aortic dilation during hospitalization, uncontrolled hypertension, or refractory pain lasting over 12 hours), or high-risk type B dissection (defined as total aortic diameter >40 mm, false lumen diameter >22 mm, primary entry tear >10 mm, entry on the inner curvature, hemothorax, radiologic signs of ischemia [bowel, renal, or lower limb], or recurrent pain/symptoms).
• Patients deemed suitable for TEVAR or TEVAR combined with supra-aortic single-branch endovascular repair, as assessed by the investigator
• Patients who understand the purpose of the study, voluntarily agree to participate by signing informed consent, and are willing to comply with follow-up requirements

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects with hemodynamic instability or ruptured aortic dissection
• Subjects who, due to anatomical factors, are unsuitable for isolated TEVAR or TEVAR combined with supra-aortic single-branch reconstruction
• Subjects with connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome
• Subjects in poor general condition who cannot tolerate general anesthesia
• Subjects with known allergies to contrast agents or stent materials such as nitinol
• Subjects with a life expectancy of less than 12 months
• Subjects with a history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within the past 3 months
• Subjects with a history of TIA or cerebral infarction within the past 3 months
• Subjects with serum creatinine levels >2.5 times the upper limit of normal or currently on dialysis
• Subjects with severe comorbidities such as liver failure

Study population: Patients with type B aortic dissection receiving real-world clinical diagnosis and treatment at each participating center.

Definition of Acute Complicated Type B Aortic Dissection:

Patients diagnosed with type B aortic dissection within 14 days of symptom onset who present with rupture/imminent rupture, associated ischemic syndromes (bowel, renal, or lower limb ischemia), radiologic progression of dissection or aortic dilation during hospitalization, uncontrolled hypertension, or refractory pain lasting more than 12 hours.

Definition of Acute High-Risk Type B Aortic Dissection:

Patients diagnosed with type B aortic dissection within 14 days of symptom onset who exhibit one or more of the following: total aortic diameter >40 mm, false lumen diameter >22 mm, primary entry tear >10 mm, entry tear located on the inner curvature, hemothorax, radiologic signs of ischemia (bowel, renal, or lower limb), or recurrent pain/symptoms.