The local anesthetic is injected into the fascial plane between the erector spinae muscle and the transverse processes of the vertebrae. This allows the anesthetic to spread cranially and caudally, affecting multiple spinal nerves

The local anesthetic is injected into the paravertebral space, which is bordered by the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, parietal pleura, and superior costotransverse ligament. This space contains the spinal nerves, sympathetic chain, and intercostal vessels

In the ESPB group, the probe was placed longitudinally at the level of the T5 transverse process, 2-3 cm lateral from the midline. The muscles were visualized superior to the transverse process ; then, the needle was inserted in the craniocaudal direction using the in-plane technique. A dose of 2 mL normal saline were injected into the two layers of the interfacial area under the erector spinae muscle, and the proper injection site was confirmed. After visualizing the linear spread of saline in the fascial plane, 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was injected there for the block.

They will be numbered from 1 to 10. If reporting a score on a scale, please include the unabbreviated scale title, the minimum and maximum values, and whether higher scores mean a better or worse outcome.

7 Dangerous Agitation ... If reporting a score on a scale, please include the unabbreviated scale title, the minimum and maximum values, and whether higher scores mean a better or worse outcome.