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Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by catheter ablation (CA) has become a widely accepted interventional treatment for patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) despite anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD). Classic thermal ablation modalities use radiofrequency energy or cryo-energy to create cardiac tissue lesions. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) using pulsed field energy (PFA) is a novel technology for cardiac tissue ablation. Initial studies have shown favorable outcome data in patients with AF treated by performing PVI using PFA. However, the freedom of AF has not yet proven superior to existing thermal ablation methods and appears similarly associated with suboptimal lesion durability, leading to electrical reconnection. The purpose of this study is to determine if freedom of atrial fibrillation may be improved by delivering more and better targeted pulsed field ablations.
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by catheter ablation (CA) has become a widely accepted interventional treatment for patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) despite anti-arrhythmic drugs (AAD). Classic thermal ablation modalities use radiofrequency energy or cryo-energy to create cardiac tissue lesions. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) using pulsed field energy (PFA) is a novel technology for cardiac tissue ablation. Initial studies have shown favorable outcome data in patients with AF treated by performing PVI using PFA. However, the freedom of AF has not yet proven superior to existing thermal ablation methods and appears similarly associated with suboptimal lesion durability, leading to electrical reconnection. The purpose of this study is to determine if freedom of atrial fibrillation may be improved by delivering more and better targeted pulsed field ablations. Patients will undergo the standard catheter ablation procedure in accordance with good clinical practice, performing pulmonary vein islolation (PVI) with the FARAPULSE cardiac ablation system. In the control group PVI will be performed with 4 basket- and 4 flower-shaped applications of the catheter, while in the study group 2 olive-, 4 basket-, and 6 flower shaped applications will be delivered at each vein. All other procedural steps will be the same between groups. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion with a block size of 4 to the study arm or the usual care (control) arm. The primary study parameter for efficacy is the freedom of atrial arrhythmias after the 2-month blanking period up to 18 months after the procedure. The secondary study outcomes include the extent and position of pulmonary vein reconnection observed during redo procedures that are performed due to arrhythmia recurrence, which constitutes a study endpoint. Furthermore, the study also evaluates arrhythmia burden after the procedure in centers that routinely use photoplethysmographic remote monitoring as standard care for all their ablation patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental arm, extra applications | Experimental | Pulmonary vein isolation will be performed with the pentaspline ablation catheter in an olive-shape (2x), basket shape (4x), and flower shape (6x) at each vein |
|
| Control arm, standard of care | Active Comparator | Pulmonary vein isolation will be performed with the pentaspline catheter in basket shape (4x) and flower shaped (4x) applications of the catheter. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary vein isolation by percutaneous endocardial catheter ablation using the FARAPULSE pulsed high voltage electrical field system in patients with atrial fibrillation | Device | Standard of care 4 pulsed electrical field applications in basket shape and 4 applications in flower shape |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Freedom of atrial fibrillation after a 2-month blanking period up to 18 months post procedure. | The primary efficacy outcome will be the freedom of arrhythmias lasting >30 seconds after a single PVI ablation procedure from the blanking period of 2 months until 18 months follow-up after ablation. Any left-sided ablation procedure after a successful index procedure will count as treatment failure. An atrioventricular (nodal) reentry tachycardia (AVNRT/AVRT), or typical right atrial flutter occurring after the index procedure, will not count as treatment failure. | Baseline, month 3, month 6, month 12, month 18 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Procedural-up-to-30 days and 30 days up-to 18 months safety of increasing PFA application numbers | Compare the number of major adverse event between both study arms including (but not exclusively) cardiac tamponade, clinically relevant pulmonary vein stenosis, atrio-esophageal fistula, stroke, persisting phrenic nerve palsy, major bleeding (BARC criteria), hemolysis, cardiac arrest, death | From procedure to 18-month follow-up |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lucas VA Boersma, MD, PhD | Contact | +31883200900 | L.boersma@antoniusziekenhuis.nl | |
| Isabelle N Bax, MD | Contact | +31883200929 | i.bax@antoniusziekenhuis.nl |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lucas VA Boersma, MD, PhD | St. Antonius Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Antonius Hospital | Recruiting | Nieuwegein | 3435 CM | Netherlands |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37622592 | Background | Boersma L, Andrade JG, Betts T, Duytschaever M, Purerfellner H, Santoro F, Tzeis S, Verma A. Progress in atrial fibrillation ablation during 25 years of Europace journal. Europace. 2023 Aug 2;25(9):euad244. doi: 10.1093/europace/euad244. | |
| 34151947 | Background | Kawamura I, Neuzil P, Shivamurthy P, Kuroki K, Lam J, Musikantow D, Chu E, Turagam MK, Minami K, Funasako M, Petru J, Choudry S, Miller MA, Langan MN, Whang W, Dukkipati SR, Koruth JS, Reddy VY. How does the level of pulmonary venous isolation compare between pulsed field ablation and thermal energy ablation (radiofrequency, cryo, or laser)? Europace. 2021 Nov 8;23(11):1757-1766. doi: 10.1093/europace/euab150. |
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Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion with a block size of 4 to the study arm or the usual care (control) arm.
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| Pulmonary vein isolation by percutaneous endocardial catheter ablation using a pentaspline pulsed high voltage electrical field system in patients with atrial fibrillation | Device | Experimental treatment delivering 2 pulsed electrical field applications in olive shape, 4 in basket shape and 6 applications in flower shape |
|
| Quality of life differences between groups | QOL will be assessed with the Atrial Fibrillation Quality of Life Questionaire scoring system asking 18 question with a score on a scale of 1-7 and a range of 0-100. This will be compared between both study arms | Baseline, month 3, month 6, month 12, month 18 |
| The potential for hemolysis in relation to application number | Hemolysis will be assessed by testing urine-samples with hemosticks based on the grading system of the urine stick. In case of a positive urine-stick patients will undergo further diagnostic testing by blood test to determine severity of hemolysis. The number patients with hemolysis and the severity of hemolysis between the study arms will be evaluated | Post procedure every 24 hours, up to 5 days post procedure for each individual patient |
| The durability of pulmonary vein isolation in case of a redo procedure | Mapping of the electrical activity of each pulmonary vein will performed in each patient undergoing a repeat ablation procedure. The number and pattern of electrical reconnection will be compared between both study arms | Month 3, month 6, month 12, month 18. |
| 29016840 | Background | Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Cosedis Nielsen J, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d'Avila A, Natasja de Groot NMS, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T; Document Reviewers:. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2018 Jan 1;20(1):e1-e160. doi: 10.1093/europace/eux274. No abstract available. |
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| 33933412 | Background | Reddy VY, Dukkipati SR, Neuzil P, Anic A, Petru J, Funasako M, Cochet H, Minami K, Breskovic T, Sikiric I, Sediva L, Chovanec M, Koruth J, Jais P. Pulsed Field Ablation of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: 1-Year Outcomes of IMPULSE, PEFCAT, and PEFCAT II. JACC Clin Electrophysiol. 2021 May;7(5):614-627. doi: 10.1016/j.jacep.2021.02.014. Epub 2021 Apr 28. |
| 37634148 | Background | Reddy VY, Gerstenfeld EP, Natale A, Whang W, Cuoco FA, Patel C, Mountantonakis SE, Gibson DN, Harding JD, Ellis CR, Ellenbogen KA, DeLurgio DB, Osorio J, Achyutha AB, Schneider CW, Mugglin AS, Albrecht EM, Stein KM, Lehmann JW, Mansour M; ADVENT Investigators. Pulsed Field or Conventional Thermal Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2023 Nov 2;389(18):1660-1671. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2307291. Epub 2023 Aug 27. |
| 37379528 | Background | Schmidt B, Bordignon S, Neven K, Reichlin T, Blaauw Y, Hansen J, Adelino R, Ouss A, Futing A, Roten L, Mulder BA, Ruwald MH, Mene R, van der Voort P, Reinsch N, Kueffer T, Boveda S, Albrecht EM, Schneider CW, Chun KRJ. EUropean real-world outcomes with Pulsed field ablatiOn in patients with symptomatic atRIAl fibrillation: lessons from the multi-centre EU-PORIA registry. Europace. 2023 Jul 4;25(7):euad185. doi: 10.1093/europace/euad185. |
| 36877118 | Background | Verma A, Haines DE, Boersma LV, Sood N, Natale A, Marchlinski FE, Calkins H, Sanders P, Packer DL, Kuck KH, Hindricks G, Onal B, Cerkvenik J, Tada H, DeLurgio DB; PULSED AF Investigators. Pulsed Field Ablation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: PULSED AF Pivotal Trial. Circulation. 2023 May 9;147(19):1422-1432. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.063988. Epub 2023 Mar 6. |
| 36427201 | Background | Tohoku S, Chun KRJ, Bordignon S, Chen S, Schaack D, Urbanek L, Ebrahimi R, Hirokami J, Bologna F, Schmidt B. Findings from repeat ablation using high-density mapping after pulmonary vein isolation with pulsed field ablation. Europace. 2023 Feb 16;25(2):433-440. doi: 10.1093/europace/euac211. |
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| 33961027 | Background | Cochet H, Nakatani Y, Sridi-Cheniti S, Cheniti G, Ramirez FD, Nakashima T, Eggert C, Schneider C, Viswanathan R, Derval N, Duchateau J, Pambrun T, Chauvel R, Reddy VY, Montaudon M, Laurent F, Sacher F, Hocini M, Haissaguerre M, Jais P. Pulsed field ablation selectively spares the oesophagus during pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. Europace. 2021 Sep 8;23(9):1391-1399. doi: 10.1093/europace/euab090. |
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| 38823667 | Background | Patel C, Gerstenfeld EP, Gupta SK, Winterfield J, Woods C, Natale A, Schneider CW, Achyutha AB, Holland SK, Richards E, Albrecht EM, Lehmann JW, Mansour M, Reddy VY. Comparison of cerebral safety after atrial fibrillation using pulsed field and thermal ablation: Results of the neurological assessment subgroup in the ADVENT trial. Heart Rhythm. 2024 Nov;21(11):2103-2109. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.05.048. Epub 2024 May 31. |
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| 22654094 | Background | du Pre BC, van Driel VJ, van Wessel H, Loh P, Doevendans PA, Goldschmeding R, Wittkampf FH, Vink A. Minimal coronary artery damage by myocardial electroporation ablation. Europace. 2013 Jan;15(1):144-9. doi: 10.1093/europace/eus171. Epub 2012 May 31. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001281 | Atrial Fibrillation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001145 | Arrhythmias, Cardiac |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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