Correlation of Dry Eye Disease, Problematic Smartphone Use and Sleep Quality in Adolescents and Young Adults

Correlation of Dry Eye Disease, Problematic Smartphone Use and Sleep Quality in Adolescents and Young Adults

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the status quo and relationship of dry eye, problematic smartphone use, bedtime procrastination, and sleep in adolescents and young adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Is there a positive correlation between problematic smartphone use and dry eye?
• Is problematic smartphone use positively correlated with bedtime procrastination?
• Is bedtime procrastination negatively correlated with sleep quality?
• Is there a negative correlation between sleep quality and dry eye?
• Is there a negative correlation between problematic smartphone use and sleep quality?
• Is there a positive correlation between bedtime procrastination and dry eye?
• Do bedtime procrastination and sleep quality serve as mediating factors in the relationship of problematic smartphone use and dry eye? Participants will be asked to complete several questionnaires and dry eye related examinations.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adolescents and young adults aged 14 to 35 (including 14,25 years old) ;
• Agree to participate in the studies

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable to communicate normally;
• With ocular surface diseases other than dry eye and autoimmune diseases;
• Use drugs that may cause damage to the ocular surface, such as anti glaucoma drugs, antidepressants, sex hormones, chemotherapy drugs, etc.;
• With a history of eye trauma or eye surgery;
• With a history of wearing contact lenses within the past month;
• Pregnant and lactating women