This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates Minimal Vitrectomy Surgery (MVS) versus conventional vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). The primary endpoints include visual acuity improvement and cataract progression after 12 months. MVS aims to minimize vitreous removal while ensuring complete membrane removal through adaptive limited vitrectomy.

Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) is characterized by fibrocellular proliferation on the retinal surface, leading to macular edema, metamorphopsia, and visual impairment. Traditional treatment involves pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) induction and core vitrectomy, which may increase the risk of postoperative cataract.

Minimal Vitrectomy Surgery (MVS) is a modified surgical approach designed to minimize vitreous removal and preserve the hyaloid. The epiretinal membrane is directly peeled through the intact vitreous. If pre-existing vitreous floaters or membrane fragments remain after peeling and cannot be removed safely with micro-forceps, limited localized vitrectomy is selectively performed to eliminate these floaters and avoid postoperative visual disturbances.

This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MVS compared to conventional vitrectomy, focusing on visual improvement, macular thickness, cataract progression, ERM recurrence, and intraoperative complications.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 18 years.
2. Diagnosis of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) confirmed by clinical examination and OCT imaging.
3. Clear ocular media allowing adequate fundus imaging.
4. Phakic eye.
5. Ability and willingness to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior cataract surgery or advanced cataract requiring combined surgery. Co-existing retinal diseases (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, retinal vein occlusion).
2. Systemic conditions preventing safe surgery or follow-up.
3. History of prior ocular or periocular corticosteroid use, including intraocular injection, periocular injection, or long-term topical corticosteroid eye drops.

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to patient privacy protection and the absence of participant consent for data sharing. The study data will be used exclusively for internal research purposes and regulatory submissions.

Participants are masked to the intervention arm assignment. Surgical staff, investigators, and outcomes assessors are not masked due to the nature of the surgical procedures.