to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of sciatic nerve mobilization compared to femoral nerve mobilization along with electrical stimulation in promoting functional recovery and alleviating symptoms in patients with low back pain and to reveal which one is more effective for pain relief and functional improvement in low back pain patients.

Low back pain is a multi-dimensional musculoskeletal condition resulting in discomfort and functional limitation, arising from lower lumbar region radiating towards posterior lower limb or anterior thigh, often resulting from numerous factors like mechanical, degenerative, neuropathic, inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic and psychological factors. One of the most prevalent association of low back pain is nerve irritation and poor neuromuscular coordination. According to nerve pathway and innervation pattern, the main constituents of lumbosacral plexus are sciatic and femoral nerves. Sciatic nerve arises from L4-S3 spinal nerve roots passing through the gluteal region and down the posterior thigh innervating hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, fibularis longus and brevis. Whereas, femoral nerve originates from L2-L4 and supply along the anterior region of thigh musculature like quadriceps femoris, sartorius, pectineus.

Normal nerve function, reduced mechanical sensitivity, and relief of radiating symptoms are the main goals of neural mobilization. Complementary to this, there are numerous studies which shows the effects of Electrical Muscle Stimulation that reduces pain by maximizes neuromuscular control and activation, facilitates blood circulation and prevents muscular atrophy in low back pain patients.

According to study conducted in 2022 by Romero-Morales and colleagues in Spain, neural mobilization has great effect in management of pain and disability in musculoskeletal disorders. Another study done in Japan in 2023 has describe the efficacy of Neural Mobilization on Pain, Mobility, and Psychosocial Functioning of Patients.

Peripherally neural mobilization increases nerve conductivity and physiologically it changes central sensitization. With an eye towards maximizing functional recovery and pain relief, this comparative study evaluates the combined effects of nerve mobilization and Electrical Stimulation in treatment of Low Back Pain, which has emerging evidence from a study which is published in the journal of pain, USA in 2002 that explains the efficacy of Electrical stimulation with combined therapy .

Another number of studies has also been done explaining the effect of neural mobilization on low back pain one of which is published in Pakistan journal of medical and health sciences in 2022 concluding that sciatic nerve mobilization is an effective treatment for pain and disability in patients.

With a lifetime prevalence in around 80% of adults, low back pain affects approximately 7.5% of the world's population and is the most often reported cause of long term impairment. Recent studies reveal that in Pakistan, particularly among manual laborers, healthcare professionals, and office workers, prevalence of low back pain increases from 30% to 50%.

Poor ergonomics, limited access to rehabilitation and ignorance, all these factors contribute in escalating incidence rate in Pakistan. Evidence based physiotherapeutic interventions are required to reduce the socioeconomic impact of low back pain, which is emerging in importance and is frequently connected with muscular weakness and decreased neural mobility. One of the most commonly reported causes of impairment worldwide is Low back pain that targets the femoral and sciatic nerves, results from mechanical stress on the lumbar plexus.

Techniques of neural mobilization aim to relieve pain, inflammation and normalize nerve mechanics. In addition to being used, it promotes blood circulation, muscle function rehabilitation and supports recovery of neural function. Electrical muscle stimulation aids in both sciatic and femoral nerve mobilizations clinically and direct their therapeutic effect on Low Back Pain. Therapeutic results can be affected by the anatomical and physiological differences between the two nerves. Electrical stimulation and neural mobilization can promote neuromuscular rehabilitation by their synergistic advantages. Finding the best approach makes it possible to have more clinically relevant evidence based therapies for low back pain management. This study aims to provide the evidence based intervention for the effective treatment of low back pain in Pakistan by examining the effectiveness of electrical muscle stimulation alone with sciatic and femoral nerve mobilization.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 20-50 years
• Radiating pain pattern
• Muscular pain pattern
• Negative sensory and motor neural examination
• Patients with peripheral nerve sensitization were included if they were adults and had leg pain duration of < 3 months(8)
• VAS Score between 4 and 8
• Positive findings of tests like thigh thrust, Patrick's Faber test, Gaenslen's test, modified Trendelenburg's test and Slump test.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy
• Post-partum females
• Serious spinal pathology
• Sensory and motor deficient
• History of back and lower extremity surgery
• Patients with contraindication to Electrical Stimulation
• Any serious kind of co-morbidities like malignancy, infections
• Any kind of disability