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This study aims to examine the effects of laughter yoga on general health, perceived stress, and burnout among psychiatric nurses. Nurses working in psychiatric units are often exposed to high levels of occupational stress, which may impact their well-being and job performance. This trial was designed to evaluate the potential benefits of laughter yoga as a supportive intervention in this context.
Psychiatric nurses frequently face emotionally intense situations, aggressive patient behaviors, and heavy workloads. These factors are known to contribute to elevated stress levels and burnout.
This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial at a psychiatric hospital located on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, Türkiye. A total of 70 psychiatric nurses voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group (n=35 per group).
The experimental group received an eight-session laughter yoga program, with each session lasting approximately 30 minutes. Sessions were held face-to-face in small groups and facilitated by a trained laughter yoga instructor. Each session included four components: warm-up and clapping exercises, deep breathing, childlike playfulness, and structured laughter activities. The control group received no intervention during the study period.
Data were collected before and after the intervention using the following validated tools:
Nurse Demographic Information Form
Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)
General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28)
The study was approved by the relevant ethics committee, and all participants provided informed consent prior to enrollment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental: Laughter Yoga | Experimental | Participants in this group received a structured laughter yoga program consisting of 8 sessions over approximately four weeks. Each session lasted about 30 minutes and included clapping, breathing exercises, playful activities, and laughter exercises. Sessions were delivered face-to-face in small groups. |
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| Control: No Intervention | No Intervention | Participants in this group did not receive any intervention during the study period. They continued their usual routines and duties. The same pre- and post-test assessments were applied as in the experimental group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laughter Yoga | Behavioral | Laughter yoga intervention including clapping, breathing, childlike play, and laughter exercises, delivered in 8 sessions over 4 weeks to reduce stress and burnout and improve general health among psychiatric nurses. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Total Score | The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is used to assess burnout levels among psychiatric nurses. Scores range from low to high burnout. A decrease in score indicates reduced burnout. The scale has three subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. | Baseline and after 4 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Change in Perceived Stress Level (PSS-10 Total Score) | Perceived stress is measured using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress. A decrease in score reflects improvement. | Baseline and Week 4 (post-intervention) |
| Change in General Health Status (GHQ-28 Total Score) | General health is evaluated using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), which includes somatic symptoms, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression subscales. Total scores range from 0 to 28, with lower scores indicating better general health status. | Baseline and Week 4 (post-intervention) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ayşe V Dost | Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erenköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because the dataset is currently being used for the preparation of a scientific publication. Data sharing may be considered after the publication process is complete, upon reasonable request and with appropriate approvals.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077062 | Burnout, Psychological |
| D000073397 | Occupational Stress |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D009784 | Occupational Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D027641 | Laughter Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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Participants were randomly assigned to two parallel groups: an experimental group receiving a structured laughter yoga program, and a control group receiving no intervention during the study period.
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This is an open-label study. No parties were masked during the intervention or outcome assessment.
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