The comparative efficacy of the duochrome test versus +1 blur test in detecting refractive errors across different ages remains under-explored in current ophthalmic research. While the duochrome test is widely used to refine prescriptions, its standalone effectiveness compared to +1 blur test based refraction has not been thoroughly investigated.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy, accuracy, and reliability of the duochrome test in identifying refractive errors, including myopia and hyperopia across various ages. Refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, are leading causes of visual impairment, requiring precise diagnostic tools. The duochrome test utilizes chromatic aberration to refine prescriptions, whereas the +1 blur test assesses spherical correction accuracy. Despite their clinical use, direct comparative studies remain limited. A total of 33 participants with estimated 10% dropout randomly assigned to undergo both tests. Groups will be based on different ages, Group A (18-35 years)and group B (36-60 years) ..both test (Duochrome test and +1 blur test) will apply on every patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 18 to 60 years old.
• Both genders.
• Those who have refractive error.
• Patients with no history of prior eye surgery.
• No active eye diseases affecting visual acuity, such as cataracts or retinal disorders.
• Ability to cooperate with both the duochrome test and +1 blur test.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with severe visual impairment or neurological conditions affecting vision.
• Patients with nystagmus or conditions that could interfere with reliable testing.
• Age below 18 year and above 60 year excluded
• Those patients who don't show their consent.