In patient assigned to dobutamine administration, dobutamine (concentration: 5 mg mL-1) will be administered with an infusion rate of 3 µg kg-1 min-1 (ideal body weight).

Dobutamine administration will start with the beginning of surgery and will end after the end of surgery (incision-to-suture). The treating anesthesiologist may increase or stop dobutamine administration if clinically indicated. Whenever dobutamine-induced tachycardia (defined as a heart rate ≥120 beats per minute) or new-onset cardiac arrhythmia is noted, dobutamine administration will be stopped. Restarting dobutamine administration is at the discretion of the treating anesthesiologist.

In patients assigned to routine care, intraoperative hemodynamic management will be in accordance with routine care.

In patient assigned to dobutamine administration, dobutamine (concentration: 5 mg mL-1) will be administered with an infusion rate of 3 µg kg-1 min-1 (ideal body weight).

The primary outcome "feasibility of dobutamine administration" is defined as dobutamine administration during >70% of surgery duration in >80% of all patients.

Time-weighted average mean arterial pressure below 65 mmHg [mmHg]

Median stroke volume index [mL m-2]

Incidence of severe tachyarrhythmias (severe tachycardia defined as a heart rate >120 beats per minute or new abnormal heart rhythms)