The aim of the present work is to compare between various modes of non-invasive respiratory support (including NCPAP, NIPPV, and NHFOV) as secondary respiratory support modes in late preterm and term neonates as regards the need for reintubation. Additionally, the study aims at comparing between the three modes concerning the associated morbidity and mortality.

Inclusion Criteria:

• The gestational age (GA) is between 34 and 41 weeks.
• Extubation from invasive mechanical ventilation initiated due to RD, irrespective to the cause of RD.
• Respiratory distress is assessed based on clinical manifestations (tachypnea, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, diminished air entry, and or grunting)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Major congenital anomalies.
• Major cardiac diseases.
• Presence of cardiovascular instability (sepsis, severe dehydration, severe anemia).
• Neurologically insulted neonates who are unable to take adequate spontaneous breathing.