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The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between injury risk and pain, fatigue, muscle strength, balance and quality of life in volleyball players. In this context, it will be investigated how the pain and fatigue levels experienced by volleyball players interact with muscle strength and balance and how these factors increase the risk of injury.
Musculoskeletal injuries are highly prevalent among volleyball players and this may be due to the interaction of various physical and subjective factors. Although some risk factors such as muscle strength and balance have been previously investigated, there is limited data on how these parameters together relate to injury risk and athlete health. In this cross-sectional study, standardized tests and self-report questionnaires will be administered to a sample of competitive volleyball players.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Volleyball Players | This group will consist of active volleyball players competing at a regional or national level. Participants will undergo one-time assessments including muscle strength, balance, fatigue, pain levels, and quality of life. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical evaluations in Volleyball Players | Other | This study will evaluate pain, fatigue, muscle strength, balance and quality of life in volleyball players. All these measurements will be completed in two sessions lasting 45-60 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Injury risc assessment | The Functional Movement Screening Test will be used to assess injury risc in athletes. Seven exercises are used in this test. Each movement is scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with a maximum total score of 21. As the score from this test increases, the risk of injury decreases. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity evaluation | Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale, where participants rate their pain intensity from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain). | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Fatigue assessment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The population of the research consists of elite athletes and the sample of the research consists of elite volleyball players who volunteered to participate in the research. In our research, there is only one research group consisting of elite volleyball players and there are at least 28 volleyball players.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gülşah Barğı, Assoc Prof | Izmir Democracy University | Study Director |
| Rümeysa Binici, PT | Aras KArgo Volleyball Club | Principal Investigator |
| Güfat Arslan, MD | Izmir City Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Uygar Kaya, PT | Göztepe Volleyball Club | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Izmir Democracy University | Izmir | 35140 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Soylu, Ç., Altundağ, E., Akarçeşme, C., & Ün Yildirim, N. (2020). The relationship between isokinetic knee flexion and extension muscle strength, jump performance, dynamic balance and injury risk in female volleyball players. | ||
| 34202540 | Background | Wilkosz P, Kabacinski J, Mackala K, Murawa M, Ostarello J, Rzepnicka A, Szczesny L, Fryzowicz A, Maczynski J, Dworak LB. Isokinetic and Isometric Assessment of the Knee Joint Extensors and Flexors of Professional Volleyball Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 24;18(13):6780. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136780. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001265 | Athletic Injuries |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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The Perceived Physical and Cognitive Fatigue Scale will be used to assess athletes' physical and cognitive fatigue. The scale has 19 items, scored ranging from 19 to 95. Higher scores indicate increased perceived fatigue levels.
| through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Forced vital capacity (FVC) | Forced vital capacity (FVC) will be evaluated with a spirometer. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) | Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) will be evaluated with a spirometer. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| FEV1/FVC | FEV1/FVC will be evaluated with a spirometer. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%) | Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%)) will be evaluated with a spirometer. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Peak flow rate (PEF) | Peak flow rate (PEF) will be evaluated with a spirometer. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Muscle Strength Measurement | The lower extremity muscle strength of athletes will be assessed using isokinetic test. Each maximal voluntary contraction will involve the athlete contracting as hard and as fast as possible from full extension to full flexion.Higher values indicate better muscle strength. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Hand Grip Strength measurement | Hand grip strength will be assessed using a hand dynamometer. Participants will perform three trials on each hand . The maximum grip strength value for each hand will be analysed. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Respiratory Muscle Strength measurement | Respiratory muscle strength will be evaluated using a spirometer. Athletes will perform maximal inspiration (Müller maneuver) and expiration (Valsalva maneuver) to obtain measurements. The highest value will be used for analysis. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Cough force measurement | Cough force will be assessed using a peak flow meter. The highest value of three attempts will be recorded. The high value obtained indicates good cough strength. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Balance evaluation | Balance will be assessed using the Y-Balance Test, and the average distance reached will be recorded. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |
| Quality of Life (SF-36 or WHOQOL-BREF) | The Short Form-36 (SF-36) will be used to assess quality of life. total score is scored from 0 (poorest health) to 100 (best health), with higher scores indicating better health status. | through study completion, an average of 1 year |