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The purpose of this research study is to compare the stomach emptying function using a current standard meal which includes eggs and our new vegan meal alternatives for patients who are not able to eat eggs.
10 healthy participants underwent randomized crossover (with concealed allocation) GE scintigraphy with standard and vegan meals, spaced ≥3 days apart to measure GE% at 2h, 4h, and GE T1/2. Group comparisons and variance analysis included Rank Sum tests and Bland-Altman plots.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard egg meal then vegan meal | Experimental | At first visit, gastric emptying test will be performed on subjects after consuming the standard egg meal consisting of two large whole, scrambled chicken eggs, one slice of wheat bread, and one glass (around 236 mL) of skim milk and provided approximately 320 kcal and 30% fat. Approximately 1 week later, the gastric emptying test will be performed again after subjects consume the vegan breakfast meal consisting of around 4 fl oz of JUST Egg® (a plant-based egg substitute) which is primarily made from mung beans, two slices of gluten-free multigrain bread, 4 fl oz of orange juice, and ½ a cup of water. |
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| Vegan meal then standard egg meal | Experimental | At first visit, gastric emptying test will be performed on subjects after consuming the vegan breakfast meal consisting of around 4 fl oz of JUST Egg® (a plant-based egg substitute) which is primarily made from mung beans, two slices of gluten-free multigrain bread, 4 fl oz of orange juice, and ½ a cup of water. Approximately 1 week later, the gastric emptying test will be performed again after subjects consume the standard egg meal consisting of two large whole, scrambled chicken eggs, one slice of wheat bread, and one glass (around 236 mL) of skim milk and provided approximately 320 kcal and 30% fat. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastric emptying test | Other | After the radiolabeled breakfast meal is ingested, the participant is positioned upright between the two detectors of the Brightview system (Phillips Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH). Detector height is adjusted to include esophageal uptake, the stomach, and the small bowel. Anterior and posterior static images are acquired at 2 minutes per image using a 256 x 256 word mode matrix. Anterior and posterior images are again acquired at 1 and 2 hours post-ingestion of the radiolabeled breakfast meal. The participant is then given the designated 'push' meal after completion of the 2-hour images. At 4 hours post-ingestion, images are acquired in the same manner as at previous time points. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gastric emptying T half | Gastric emptying T half is measured using gastric emptying scintigraphy, which involves taking a meal with radioactive tracer and measuring the time it takes for 50% of the meal to leave the stomach. Results are reported in minutes. | Baseline, 1 week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion emptied using the standard egg diet | The proportion emptied is reported as the percentage of the tracer remaining in the stomach at timepoints of 2 and 4 hours. | 2 hours, 4 hours |
| Proportion emptied using the vegan diet alternative |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Michael Camilleri, MD | Mayo Clinic | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayo Clinic | Rochester | Minnesota | 55905 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41681033 | Derived | Jencks KJ, Abdelnaem N, Carlson P, Busciglio I, Burton D, Ryks M, Johnson DR, Navin P, Bach C, Paulsen AM, Bartlett DJ, Camilleri M. A Pilot Validation Study of Plant-Based and Allergy-Friendly Alternative for Testing Gastric Emptying: A Randomized Trial in Healthy Participants. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2026 Feb;38(2):e70268. doi: 10.1111/nmo.70268. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018589 | Gastroparesis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013272 | Stomach Diseases |
| D005767 | Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D010243 | Paralysis |
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The proportion emptied is reported as the percentage of the tracer remaining in the stomach at timepoints of 2 and 4 hours.
| 2 hours, 4 hours |
| D009461 |
| Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |