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Occupational workers regularly perform physically demanding tasks in hot environments, exposing them to heat stress and potential dehydration. While the physiological impacts of heat exposure are well-documented, its effects on glycemic control remain less understood. Given the rising global temperatures due to climate change and the increasing prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, it is essential to investigate how heat exposure during work influences glycemic regulation. Understanding these interactions will help inform future occupational health guidelines and metabolic health recommendations in physically demanding industries.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot condition | Experimental | Light exercise in a hot environment with ad libitum water intake |
|
| Temperate condition | Experimental | Light exercise in a temperate environment with ad libitum water intake |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hot environment | Other | Participants exercising in a 36 degrees celsius environment |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma glucose | Measured using colorimetric assay from venous blood samples | 8hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma insulin | Measured using ELISA from venous blood samples | 8hours |
| Plasma osmolality | Measured using freezing point depression from venous blood samples |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| N-back task for working memory (cognitive function) | The task will comprise three progressively harder memory loads (1-Back, 2-Back, 3-Back). Each stimulus type will be used in all memory loads. Participants will have to respond using the space bar when they see a stimulus that is presented one, two, or three steps previously, dependent on the load condition. | 8hours |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stephen A Mears, PhD | Contact | +44 1509 226391 | s.a.mears@lboro.ac.uk |
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Randomised, crossover design
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| Temperate condition |
| Other |
Participants exercising in a 18 degrees celsius environment |
|
| 8hours |
| Plasma volume change | Determined from haemoglobin and haematocrit measures in blood samples | 8hours |
| Urine volume | Determined from urine samples collected before and after exercise | 8hours |
| Body mass | Determined from weighing participants before and after exercise | 8hours |
| Urine specific gravity/osmolality | Determined from urine samples collected before and after exercise | 8hours |
| Rectal temperature | Measured via rectal probe | 8hours |
| Blood pressure | Measured via and automated sphygmomanometer | 8hours |
| Respiratory gas exchanges | Measured via Douglas bag, gas content and volume | 8hours |
| Rate of perceived exertion | using Borg scales (from 6 [no effort] to 20 [maximal effort]) | 8hours |
| Rate of thermal sensation | using -10 [cold] to +10 [hot] scale. | 8hours |
| Feelings of thirst, urge to urinate, GI comfort, and stomach bloatedness | using scales (0 = no feeling, 10 = extreme feeling) | 8hours |
| Go/no-go task for response inhibition (cognitive function) | Participants will be instructed to press the space bar when a green image appears onscreen ("go" stimulus) and to inhibit responding when a red image is presented (the "no-go" stimulus). Increased commission error responses (i.e. responding incorrectly on a no-go trial) will indicate reduced response inhibition. Commission errors and correct responses will be measured as indices of performance. | 8hours |
| Stroop test | The Stroop Test is a psychological assessment that measures a person's ability to inhibit cognitive interference and control attention. Typically, it involves naming the color of the ink in which a word is printed, even when the word itself names a different color (e.g., the word "red" printed in blue ink). The delay in response time when the word and ink color do not match-known as the Stroop effect-reflects the difficulty of suppressing automatic cognitive processes. | 8hours |