The aim of the study is to compare the effects of conventional Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk containing both A1 and A2 type β-caseins (CON) with a2 UHT Milk containing A2 type β-casein only (A1PF) on inflammation, tolerance, and GI symptoms in pregnant women as well as infants' birth outcomes from 12 weeks' gestation up to 40 days post-birth.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 20-35 years of age
• Recruited at <12 weeks of gestation
• Intention to deliver at study site hospital
• Singleton pregnancy
• Able and willing to consume milk during pregnancy
• Agree not to participate in another interventional clinical study during the present study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Body mass index ≥ 35 at enrolment
• Cow's milk intolerance or allergy
• Significant systemic disorder (e.g., cardiac, respiratory, endocrinological, hemato-logic, or GI); pre-pregnancy diabetes, hypertension, or other medical conditions that preclude participation per the investigator's judgement
• Taking any prescribed chronic medications
• Participation in another clinical trial
• Investigator uncertainty about the willingness or ability of the participant to comply with the protocol requirements
• Taking probiotics at screening or two weeks before enrolment
• Receiving any vaccine at screening or two weeks before enrolment