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This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning model that uses information from tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs)-specialized immune-related cell clusters found near tumors-to predict survival outcomes and immune characteristics in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. By analyzing clinical data, pathology, and imaging results, the model may help doctors better understand a patient's prognosis and personalize treatment strategies. The study will also explore how TLS-related immune patterns relate to the effectiveness of certain therapies, potentially offering new insights for immune-based treatment planning.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TLS-Informed Machine Learning Prognostic Model | Other | This intervention involves the development and application of a machine learning-based prognostic model that integrates features derived from tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) identified in tumor pathology slides, along with clinical and immunological data, to predict overall survival and immune landscape in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. The model utilizes digital pathology, image analysis, and advanced computational algorithms to quantify TLS-related characteristics and correlate them with patient outcomes. It is designed to stratify patients into risk groups and provide insight into the tumor immune microenvironment, aiming to support personalized treatment planning. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival Predicted by TLS-Informed Machine Learning Model | Up to 5 Years Post-Surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Histologically confirmed locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (clinical stage cT2-T4 and/or N+)
Underwent curative-intent gastrectomy (with or without neoadjuvant therapy)
Availability of adequate tumor tissue specimens for TLS assessment via digital pathology
Complete baseline clinical, pathological, and follow-up data
Age ≥ 18 years
Written informed consent provided (if prospective study component is included)
Exclusion Criteria:
Distant metastases at the time of diagnosis or surgery (M1 stage)
Prior history of other malignancies within the past 5 years, except for adequately treated in situ carcinoma or non-melanoma skin cancer
Incomplete or missing essential clinical, pathological, or survival data
Poor-quality tissue samples not suitable for TLS quantification or digital analysis
Participation in another clinical trial that may interfere with the study outcomes
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This study will include patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma who have undergone curative-intent surgical resection at participating medical centers. The population will consist of both retrospective and prospective cohorts, with all patients having available tumor tissue for TLS analysis and complete clinical, pathological, and follow-up data. The study aims to capture a representative sample of real-world gastric cancer patients, reflecting a diversity of clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072717 | Tertiary Lymphoid Structures |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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