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This RCT evaluates a 12-week NASM OPT program targeting gluteal muscle strength, hip aesthetics (shape, lift, circumference), and low back pain in 120 non-athletic women. The intervention group performed structured resistance training, while the control group engaged in general exercise. Outcomes included gluteal strength (dynamometer), aesthetic satisfaction (Likert scale), and functional performance (squat test).
Participants were randomized to NASM OPT (3 weekly sessions: stabilization, strength, and hypertrophy phases) or general exercise (brisk walking/aerobics). Measurements at baseline and 12 weeks included gluteal strength, hip circumference, low back pain (VAS), and perceived aesthetics.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| NASM OPT Group | Experimental | Behavioral: NASM OPT Program Three 60-minute weekly sessions for 12 weeks, progressing through stabilization (weeks 1-4), strength endurance (weeks 5-8), and hypertrophy (weeks 9-12) phases. Exercises included hip thrusts, squats, and glute bridges. |
|
| General Exercise Group | Active Comparator | Behavioral: General Exercise Three 60-minute weekly sessions of brisk walking and light aerobics without targeted resistance training. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NASM OPT Group | Behavioral | Three 60-minute weekly sessions for 12 weeks, progressing through stabilization (weeks 1-4), strength endurance (weeks 5-8), and hypertrophy (weeks 9-12) phases. Exercises included hip thrusts, squats, and glute bridges. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gluteal Strength | kg; handheld dynamometer | Baseline |
| Perceived Hip Shape/Lift | 5-point Likert scale | Baseline |
| Hip Circumference | cm | Baseline |
| Aesthetic Satisfaction | 5-point Likert scale | Baseline |
| Functional Performance | 30-second squat test | Baseline |
| Low Back Pain | VAS, 0-10 cm | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Aesthetic Satisfaction | 5-point Likert scale | After 12 weeks |
| Functional Performance | 30-second squat test | After 12 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mohammadreza Rezaeipour, MD, PhD | Assoc.Prof.Dr. of University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferdows Shafa Center | Ferdows | South Khorasan Province | Iran |
Privacy concerns regarding sensitive participant data.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| D018908 | Muscle Weakness |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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Single-blind (outcome assessors only; participants/instructors unblinded due to intervention nature).
| General Exercise Group | Behavioral | Three 60-minute weekly sessions of brisk walking and light aerobics without targeted resistance training. |
|
| Low Back Pain | VAS, 0-10 cm | After 12 weeks |
| Gluteal Strength | kg; handheld dynamometer | After12 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Perceived Hip Shape/Lift | 5-point Likert scale | After12 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Hip Circumference | cm | After12 weeks (post-intervention) |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |