Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This RCT investigates a 12-week NASM OPT program targeting pectoral muscle strength, breast aesthetics (firmness, lift, chest circumference), and low back pain in 120 non-athletic women. The intervention group performed structured resistance training, while the control group engaged in general exercise. Outcomes included pectoral strength (dynamometer), aesthetic satisfaction (Likert scale), and functional performance (push-up test).
Participants were randomized to NASM OPT (3 weekly sessions: stabilization, strength, and hypertrophy phases) or general exercise (brisk walking/aerobics). Measurements at baseline and 12 weeks included pectoral strength, chest circumference, low back pain (VAS), and perceived breast aesthetics.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| NASM OPT Group | Experimental | Three 60-minute weekly sessions for 12 weeks, progressing through stabilization (weeks 1-4), strength endurance (weeks 5-8), and hypertrophy (weeks 9-12) phases. Exercises included bench presses, chest flyes, and push-ups. |
|
| General Exercise Group | Active Comparator | Three 60-minute weekly sessions of brisk walking and light aerobics without targeted resistance training. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NASM OPT Program | Behavioral | Three 60-minute weekly sessions for 12 weeks, progressing through stabilization (weeks 1-4), strength endurance (weeks 5-8), and hypertrophy (weeks 9-12) phases. Exercises included bench presses, chest flyes, and push-ups. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pectoral Strength | Kilogram (kg); handheld dynamometer | Baseline |
| Perceived Breast Firmness/Lift | 5-point Likert scale | Baseline |
| Chest Circumference | Centimeter (cm) | Baseline |
| Aesthetic Satisfaction | 5-point Likert scale | Baseline |
| Functional Performance | 30-second push-up test | Baseline |
| Low Back Pain | VAS, 0-10 cm | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Aesthetic Satisfaction | 5-point Likert scale | After12 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Functional Performance | 30-second push-up test | After12 weeks (post-intervention) |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mohammadreza Rezaeipour, MD, PhD | Assoc.Prof.Dr. | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sport Sciences Department | Zahedan | Sistan and Baluchestan | 9816744818 | Iran |
Privacy concerns regarding sensitive participant data.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| D018908 | Muscle Weakness |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Single-blind (outcome assessors only; participants/instructors unblinded due to intervention nature).
|
| General Exercise | Behavioral | Three 60-minute weekly sessions of brisk walking and light aerobics without targeted resistance training. |
|
|
| Low Back Pain | VAS, 0-10 cm | After12 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Pectoral Strength | Kilogram (kg); handheld dynamometer | After12 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Perceived Breast Firmness/Lift | 5-point Likert scale | After12 weeks (post-intervention) |
| Chest Circumference | Centimeter (cm) | After12 weeks (post-intervention) |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |