This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of intraoperative magnesium sulfate versus dexmedetomidine infusions on emergence agitation that follows anesthesia using sevoflurane immediately and after 30 min in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), regarding Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale (PAED), Richmond agitation sedation scale (RASS), and hemodynamics

Emergence agitation (EA) is a postoperative phenomenon that occurs in children after sevoflurane anesthesia, with an occurrence rate of up to 80%.

Dexmedetomidine acts on α-2 adrenergic receptors, producing sedation and hypnosis with anxiolytic effects, without a clinically significant depressive impact on heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, complementing an earlier study suggesting the possible effective and safe use of dexmedetomidine as a part of anesthesia care to prevent emergence agitation in children.

Magnesium sulfate also has been reported to decrease the incidence and severity of Emergence agitation and the need for postoperative rescue doses of analgesia in children, and its use was not associated with increased postoperative side effects or delayed recovery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age from 4 to 8 years old.
• Both sexes.
• Patients American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status I to II.
• Duration of surgery: not exceeding two hours

Exclusion Criteria:

• Legal guardian refusal.
• Neurological abnormalities, such as cerebral palsy.
• Any physical and/or developmental challenge.
• Patients on sedatives, anticonvulsants, or any medications that may alter conscious level in children.
• Coexisting renal or cardiovascular diseases.

The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author after the end of study for one year.

After the end of study for one year.

The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author.