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This cross-sectional observational study aims to assess muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) in the intercostal, quadriceps, and triceps surae muscles using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during functional exercise tests in breast cancer survivors. Participants will be grouped based on their previous cancer treatment: hormonal therapy only or hormonal therapy combined with chemotherapy. Functional performance will be evaluated through the 6-Minute Walk Test, 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test, and a submaximal treadmill test. The study will analyze differences in muscle oxygenation and performance between groups and explore associations with other functional and clinical parameters.
This study focuses on evaluating muscle oxygen saturation and physical performance in women who have survived breast cancer. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and hormonal therapy can lead to systemic effects, including muscular deconditioning, fatigue, and reduced cardiorespiratory capacity. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers a non-invasive means of assessing SmO2 in real-time, providing insight into oxygen delivery and utilization during exercise.
Participants will undergo three functional tests: the 6-Minute Walk Test, the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test, and a submaximal treadmill test. Muscle oxygenation will be measured in three key muscle groups before, during, and after each task. Additional outcomes include functional test performance, respiratory strength, pulmonary function, fatigue perception, and quality of life questionnaires. This study will explore whether prior cancer treatment protocols affect muscle oxygenation and physical function differently, and may inform future rehabilitation strategies tailored to breast cancer survivors.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hormonal Therapy Only | Participants who received only hormonal therapy following breast cancer treatment. |
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| Hormonal Therapy + Chemotherapy | Participants who received both hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Functional Exercise Testing and Muscle Oxygen Saturation Measurement | Diagnostic Test | Participants will complete three physical performance tests: (1) the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), (2) the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test, and (3) a submaximal treadmill test. Muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) will be continuously monitored during the tests using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices placed on the intercostal, quadriceps, and triceps surae muscles. Additional variables such as heart rate, perceived exertion, respiratory pressures, pulmonary function, and fatigue will be assessed during or after the tests. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle oxygen saturation (%) | Measured via NIRS in intercostal, quadriceps, and triceps surae muscles during three functional tests (6MWT, 30CST, treadmill) | Within a single assessment session (~1 hour) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Distance covered in the 6-Minute Walk Test (meters) | During and immediately after functional assessment session | |
| Number of repetitions in the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test | During and immediately after functional assessment session |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consists of women aged 30 to 70 years who have completed treatment for breast cancer. Participants are recruited from outpatient oncology clinics and cancer survivor support groups in the region of Extremadura, Spain. All participants are categorized into two groups based on their treatment history: those who received hormonal therapy only and those who received both hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. All subjects must be able to perform physical tests and attend a single evaluation session.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mª Dolores MD Apolo-Arenas, PhD | Contact | 924489180 | mdapolo@unex.es |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facultad de Mecina y Ciencias de la Salud | Badajoz | Spain |
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| Maximal heart rate and recovery rate during treadmill test | During and immediately after functional assessment session |
| Lower limb fatigue and perceived exertion (Borg scale) | 0-10 points. 0: no perceived effort 10: maximum perceived effort | During and immediately after functional assessment session |
| Maximal inspiratory pressures (Pimax) | During and immediately after functional assessment session |
| Pulmonary function (FEV1/FEV6 ratio using Vitalograph® COPD-6) | During and immediately after functional assessment session |
| Quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer | During and immediately after functional assessment session |
| Maximal expiratory pressures (Pemax) | During and immediately after functional assessment session |
| Quality of life (BR23) | During and immediately after functional assessment session |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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