In subjects with different levels of renal function and no history of renal tumors, GFR is measured using [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp PET/CT, the Gates method, and the 99mTc-DTPA dual plasma method. The consistency between the three methods is analyzed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and Bland-Altman analysis.

In patients scheduled for partial nephrectomy due to renal tumors, GFR is measured using the three methods within 2 weeks before surgery and 4±1 weeks post-surgery. The percentage of postoperative residual renal function (postoperative GFR/preoperative GFR × 100%, hereafter referred to as RRF%) is calculated for each method. By comparing and overlaying preoperative and postoperative PET/CT images, the resected renal area can be delineated on the preoperative PET/CT image. Based on the preoperative PET/CT and the delineated surgical area, a predictive value for postoperative GFR is calculated to obtain the predicted RRF%. A consistency analysis is then performed between the predicted RRF% and the actual RRF% measured by the three methods, using ICC, CCC, and Bland-Altman analysis to evaluate the efficacy of [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp PET/CT in predicting residual renal function after partial nephrectomy.

[68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp PET/CT Imaging: After intravenous injection of [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp, a Scout scan, low-dose CT scan, and a 30-minute dynamic PET scan are performed sequentially. The functional renal cortex is delineated in the first PET frame showing the radiotracer filling the renal cortex. A functional renal cortex radioactivity concentration function is constructed based on a compartment model with GFR as a parameter and time as an independent variable. This function is then fitted to the time-activity curve (TAC) of the functional renal cortex to obtain the GFR value.

Gates Method and 99mTc-DTPA Dual Plasma Method: After intravenous injection of 99mTc-DTPA, renal blood flow functional imaging is performed immediately, collecting time-activity curves from both renal areas. GFR is calculated based on the percentage (%ID) of bilateral renal radiotracer uptake relative to the injected dose. Blood samples of 10 ml are collected from the contralateral forearm at 1 hour and 2 hours post-injection, and GFR is calculated using the dual plasma method.

In subjects with different levels of renal function and no history of renal tumors, GFR is measured using [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp PET/CT, the Gates method, and the 99mTc-DTPA dual plasma method. The consistency between the three methods is analyzed using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and Bland-Altman analysis.

In patients scheduled for partial nephrectomy due to renal tumors, GFR is measured using the three methods within 2 weeks before surgery and 4±1 weeks post-surgery. The percentage of postoperative residual renal function (postoperative GFR/preoperative GFR × 100%, hereafter referred to as RRF%) is calculated for each method. By comparing and overlaying preoperative and postoperative PET/CT images, the resected renal area can be delineated on the preoperative PET/CT image. Based on the preoperative PET/CT and the delineated surgical area, a predictive value for postoperative GFR is calculated to obtain the predicted RRF%. A consistency analysis is then performed between the predicted RRF% and the actual RRF% measured by the three methods, using ICC, CCC, and Bland-Altman analysis to evaluate the efficacy of [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-DiAsp PET/CT in predicting residual renal function after partial nephrectomy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age > 18 years;
• Written informed consent obtained.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with claustrophobia or fear of radiation;
• Women who are planning to conceive, pregnant, or breastfeeding;
• Patients unable to lie flat for 30 minutes;
• Patients or family members who cannot understand the conditions and objectives of the study, or who refuse to participate.

Due to patient privacy regulations and institutional policies, individual participant data (IPD) from this study will not be publicly available. The data contain sensitive clinical and genetic information that could compromise participant confidentiality. Additionally, Chinese data protection laws and hospital ethical guidelines restrict the open sharing of identifiable medical data.

However, aggregated results (e.g., group-level imaging findings, statistical analyses) will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Researchers may request limited, anonymized datasets for collaborative purposes, subject to approval by the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) Ethics Committee and compliance with data transfer agreements.