The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the performance of a novel, non-invasive sensor device based on zirconium oxide photodetector designed to monitor key physiological parameters: blood glucose levels, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation. The study focuses on adult hospital patients aged 18 to 75, of all sexes, who are undergoing routine monitoring and treatment unrelated to the investigational device.

The main questions this study aims to answer are:

To what extent do the signals obtained from the newly developed device correlate with standard hospital-based methods for measuring blood glucose, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation?

Is the device feasible, safe, and accurate for use in a real-world clinical setting?

How stable and reproducible are the sensor signals across a demographically diverse patient population?

Can advanced data analysis methods, such as machine learning techniques, be used effectively to interpret the device's output and provide accurate estimates of glucose concentration?

What is the user perception of comfort, safety, and practicality when the device is used in a routine hospital environment?

This study will not assign any interventions to participants; it is purely observational. The novel device is non-invasive, and its use will not interfere with standard clinical care. Measurements will be taken passively or concurrently with routine care procedures.

Participants will:

Continue to receive standard clinical care, including conventional monitoring of glucose, heart rate, and oxygen saturation.

Undergo additional measurements using the investigational device, which will be placed non-invasively on the skin (finger).

Answer a short usability questionnaire assessing their experience with the device, including any discomfort, perceived safety, or ease of use.

Data obtained from the device will be compared with routine clinical data from standard hospital devices (e.g., glucometers, pulse oximeters) to evaluate accuracy and reliability. No pharmacological, radiological, or invasive procedures will be involved.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged 18-75 years
• Able to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Skin diseases or injuries on the fingers (e.g., psoriasis, open wounds, burns)
• Tattoos on the fingers
• Severe peripheral circulation disorders
• Pregnancy
• Presence of active implantable medical devices (e.g., pacemakers)

The populaiton studied will be patients at the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine at the T. Marciniak Lower Silesian Specialist Hospital in Wrocław

Individual Participant Data (IPD) might not be shared for several reasons.

Firstly, privacy and confidentiality concerns are significant, as even anonymized data could potentially lead to participant identification, especially in smaller datasets. Additionally, legal and regulatory restrictions, such as data protection laws like GDPR, may prevent sharing. Informed consent forms signed by participants might also include clauses that limit data sharing.

Moreover, data quality and integrity issues could arise if the data is incomplete, inaccurate, or not yet validated for public use. There could also be commercial interests at play, where organizations may consider the data proprietary and choose to restrict access to maintain a competitive advantage. Finally, ethical considerations may arise, as sharing IPD might lead to misuse or misinterpretation of the data outside the intended research scope.