The Outcome of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

The Epidemiological Patterns of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Impact on Renal Prognosis

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and strongly linked to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Besides elevating cardiovascular disease risk, OSA may worsen renal function and diminish quality of life, making its understanding critical for CKD patient health.

This study will establish a large, long-term cohort of non-dialysis CKD patients to identify OSA risk factors, explore OSA's association with adverse renal outcomes, and determine OSA prevalence and epidemiological characteristics within the CKD population. The findings will provide a scientific foundation for early OSA identification, diagnosis, and intervention in CKD patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Voluntarily sign the informed consent form;

  • Aged ≥ 18 years and < 75 years;
  • Patients with CKD stages 3-4, with an eGFR of 15-60 ml/min/1.73m² calculated using the CKD-EPI formula for at least 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients receiving oxygen therapy or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment;

  • Patients with other sleep disorders, including restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, etc.;
  • Patients with other severe comorbidities: Severe heart failure (NYHA class III or IV); Myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or stroke within the past 3 months; Severe arrhythmias requiring medication or device therapy; Respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma, thoracic deformities, etc.; Neurological disorders, including myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc.; Active liver disease or severe hepatic insufficiency; Psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, etc.; History of malignancy within the past 5 years (except cured basal cell carcinoma); Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism;
  • Patients who underwent surgery or had acute infections within the past 3 months;
  • Current heavy alcohol consumption:Females: >3 drinks/day or >7 drinks/week; Males: >4 drinks/day or >14 drinks/week (1 standard drink = 14g of alcohol)
  • Current use of medications that may severely interfere with sleep, such as antipsychotics, antiepileptics, antiparkinsonian drugs, antidepressants, opioids, etc.;
  • Females who are pregnant or lactating at screening or baseline;
  • Inability to comply with the study due to: Low education level, language barriers, inability to tolerate or complete sleep monitoring, or other reasons preventing completion of study procedures (e.g., follow-up);
  • Deemed unsuitable for participation by the investigator's judgment.