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The goal of the study is to see if the use of music improves attention during visual field exams for pediatric glaucoma patients.
This study aims to determine if music can be used as an intervention to improve attention and quality of results in pediatric glaucoma patients taking visual field exams. The investigators also want to determine the most effective method and type of music by which it can be implemented into the test to improve patient experience and results. If there is an improvement, it will benefit the patient and the provider in administering the test and the utility of the results.
To that end, patients between the ages of 8-17 with Glaucoma or glaucoma suspect diagnosis will be recruited from the clinic with consent from their parents and assent from the patient to participate in the study. They will come in on two scheduled dates after being randomized to either a control or experimental group. On the first date, the participants assigned to the control group will complete the Visual Field Exams (VFE) without music, and the experimental group will listen to music and complete a pre and posttest survey regarding test taking experience. On the second date, the groups will switch and the participant will complete the other part of the study. Results will then be analyzed and compared between the groups and previous results.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Music Group (first) | Experimental | This arm will involve the use of music during their initial VFE, and then they will take part in the non-music group during their second visit. |
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| Non-Music Group (first) | Experimental | This arm will involve the completion of the VFE with no music first, and then they will crossover and complete the arm involving the use of music during the visual field exam. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Music intervention | Other | The intervention will involve patient-chosen music. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of False Positives On VFE | This outcome measurement will be used to assess reliability by seeing how often the patients were responding to stimuli that weren't present during the VFE. Assessment will be done by the physician after completion of the VFE by patient which takes about 10 minutes. | Baseline, Follow-up visit up to 4 weeks |
| Number of False Negatives On VFE | This measurement is a reliability tool to see if the patient missed any stimuli during VFE. Assessment will be done by the physician after completion of the VFE by patient which takes about 10 minutes. | Baseline, Follow-up visit up to 4 weeks |
| Number of Fixation Losses on VFE | This will evaluate any gaze deviation by the patient during VFE as a marker of inattention and test reliability. Assessment will be done by the physician after completion of the VFE by patient which takes about 10 minutes. | Baseline, Follow-up visit up to 4 weeks |
| Test Duration (minutes) On VFE | This will evaluate the length of the test as a marker for inattention and reliability if patient takes longer to complete the exam in one group or the other. Assessment will be done by the physician after completion of the VFE by patient which takes about 10 minutes. | Baseline, Follow-up visit up to 4 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Courtney Kraus, MD | Johns Hopkins University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wilmer Eye Institute | Bethesda | Maryland | 20817 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34497975 | Background | Muralidharan S, Ichhpujani P, Bhartiya S, Singh RB. Eye-tunes: role of music in ophthalmology and vision sciences. Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep 2;13:25158414211040890. doi: 10.1177/25158414211040890. eCollection 2021 Jan-Dec. | |
| 11573015 | Background | Blood AJ, Zatorre RJ. Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 25;98(20):11818-23. doi: 10.1073/pnas.191355898. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Baldwin, M., \& Lewis, R. (2017). Positive valence music restores executive control over sustained attention. PLOS ONE, 12(11), e0186231. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186231 | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005901 | Glaucoma |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009798 | Ocular Hypertension |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
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The study will involve the child being randomized to a control and experimental group, and about 2 weeks after the initial test, they will be asked to come in and take part in the alternate study group. During the control visit, the child will take the visual field exam as they would in their routine care.
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