Patients selected via random sampling from patients either newly admitted to the clinic or already under follow-up for ADHD-PI, with no psychotropic medication use in the last 3 months. All participants were primary or secondary school students. ADHD subtype classification was determined based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 criteria following clinical interviews and scale assessments completed by both parents and teachers. Children with comorbid psychiatric or chronic medical conditions and those using psychostimulants were excluded.

Patients selected via random sampling from patients either newly admitted to the clinic or already under follow-up for ADHD-R, with no psychotropic medication use in the last 3 months. All participants were primary or secondary school students. ADHD subtype classification was determined based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 criteria following clinical interviews and scale assessments completed by both parents and teachers. Children with comorbid psychiatric or chronic medical conditions and those using psychostimulants were excluded.

The control group consisted of age- and gender-matched children who presented to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry clinic, were found to have no psychiatric diagnosis after evaluation, and were considered typically developing. Informed consent and assent forms were obtained from all participants and their legal guardians.

Total Score on the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) - Short Form Sleep habits and sleep-related problems will be assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) - Short Form, a 33-item parent-report measure. Items are rated based on the child's behavior over the past week. Each item is scored from 1 to 3, with higher scores indicating more frequent sleep problems. Items 32 and 33 are scored on a 0-2 scale, and items 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, and 26 are reverse-coded. The total score ranges from 33 to 97. A score of 41 or higher is considered clinically significant, indicating problematic sleep.

Time Frame: At baseline (upon enrollment) Units of Measure: Total score (range: 33-97) Interpretation: Higher scores indicate more severe sleep problems.

Chronotype preference will be assessed using the Children's Chronotype Questionnaire (CCQ), a parent-report tool adapted from the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and the Children's Morningness-Eveningness Scale. Items 17-26 determine the chronotype score; items 17, 18, 24, and 25 are reverse-coded. Total scores classify children as morning-type (≤23), intermediate-type (24-32), or evening-type (≥33).

Units of Measure: Chronotype type; total score (range: 10-40); average sleep duration (hours). Higher scores reflect stronger eveningness preference.

Functional impairment will be assessed using the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale - Parent Form (WFIRS-P), a 50-item Likert-type questionnaire completed by parents. The scale includes six domains: family, school, life skills, self-concept, social activities, and risky behaviors. Each item is rated from 0 ("never") to 3 ("very often"), based on the child's functioning over the past month. Subscale and total scores are calculated by summing item scores and dividing by the number of completed items. Functional impairment in a domain is defined as either scoring 3 on at least one item, 2 on two items, or having a mean score of 1.5 or higher in that domain. overall functional impairment.

Higher scores indicate greater functional impairment.