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This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Ba Duan Jin exercise in treating chronic insomnia (CI) with comorbid hyperarousal and anxiety symptoms.
Chronic Insomnia (CI) is a common sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep, leading to significant daytime dysfunction. Many CI patients experience hyperarousal, both physiological and psychological, commonly manifested as anxiety, which further exacerbates sleep disturbances and reduces quality of life.
While pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are effective for some patients, they are limited by side effects, costs, and accessibility. Traditional mind-body practices such as Ba Duan Jin, a classic Chinese Qigong exercise, have been explored as alternative therapies to improve sleep quality and alleviate anxiety symptoms.
Ba Duan Jin consists of a sequence of gentle and flowing movements designed to promote physical and mental relaxation. Preliminary studies suggest that mind-body exercises like Ba Duan Jin can positively influence sleep patterns, psychological well-being, and overall health.
This randomized controlled trial will recruit 84 participants diagnosed with CI and comorbid hyperarousal/anxiety symptoms. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a Ba Duan Jin plus Sleep Hygiene Education (SHE) group or an SHE-only group.
The intervention will last for 6 weeks, with participants in the Ba Duan Jin group practicing once daily for 50 minutes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ba Duan Jin Exercise plus Sleep Hygiene Education | Experimental |
| |
| Sleep Hygiene Education Only | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ba Duan Jin Exercise plus Sleep Hygiene Education | Behavioral | Participants will receive Ba Duan Jin exercise combined with Sleep Hygiene Education. The Ba Duan Jin intervention consists of eight traditional Chinese Qigong movements performed daily for 6 weeks, with each session lasting 50 minutes, accompanied by structured sleep hygiene counseling. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The change of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) total scores from baseline to 6 weeks | The PSQI consists of 7 factors ranging from 0 to 3 points, and the total score ranges from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicating poorer quality. | Baseline, 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The change of PSQI total scores from baseline to 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months | The PSQI consists of 7 factors ranging from 0 to 3 points, and the total score ranges from 0 to 21 with higher scores indicating poorer quality. | Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months |
| The change of Insomnia severity index (ISI) total scores from baseline to 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hongxing Wang, MD & PhD | Contact | +86 13911127385 | wanghongxing@xwh.ccmu.edu.cn |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University | Recruiting | Beijing | 100053 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31898191 | Background | Fan B, Song W, Zhang J, Er Y, Xie B, Zhang H, Liao Y, Wang C, Hu X, Mcintyre R, Lee Y. The efficacy of mind-body (Baduanjin) exercise on self-reported sleep quality and quality of life in elderly subjects with sleep disturbances: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep Breath. 2020 Jun;24(2):695-701. doi: 10.1007/s11325-019-01999-w. Epub 2020 Jan 2. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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|
| Sleep Hygiene Education | Behavioral | Participants will receive Sleep Hygiene Education (SHE) alone, consisting of guidance on establishing healthy sleep habits, optimizing sleep environment, adjusting sleep schedules, reducing stimulants (e.g., caffeine, alcohol), and minimizing sleep-disruptive behaviors. |
|
The ISI reporting insomnia symptoms severity consists of 7-items on a 5-point Likert scale, and the total score ranges from 0 to 28 with higher scores indicating more severe insomnia. |
| Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| The change of Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS) total scores from baseline to 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months | The DBAS assessing sleep related cognitions in 16 items rated on a 10-point Likert scale, and the total score ranges from 0 to 160 with higher scores indicating more intensive dysfunctional beliefs. | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| The change of sleep efficiency from baseline to 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months | Sleep efficiency is assessed with the Carney (2012) consensus sleep diary. This is measured in percentage (higher scores indicating better sleep efficiency). | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| Change from Baseline in Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) Scores | Baseline, Week 6, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| The change of Short Form 36 (SF-36) total scores from baseline to 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months | The SF-36 quantifying the quality of life in relation to health status consists of 36-items with eight areas covering physical functioning, role limitations brought on by physical issues, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role limitations brought on by emotional issues, and perceived mental health. The total score ranges from 0-100 (the worst possible to the most possible). | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| The change of Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) total scores from baseline to 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months | The PHQ-4 comprises a 2-item depression scale and a 2-item anxiety scale. Each instrument can reach values from 0-6. Higher Scores are indicating higher distress. | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| The change of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) total scores from baseline to 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. | The BDI assessing the existence and severity of symptoms of depression consists of 21 items, and the total score ranges from 0 to 63 with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms. | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| The change of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) total scores from baseline to 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. | The BAI assessing the existence and severity of symptoms of anxiety consists of 21 items, and the total score ranges from 0 to 63 with higher scores indicating more severe anxiety. | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| The change of Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) total scores from baseline to 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. | The PHQ-15 measuring somatic distress consists of 15 items, and the total score ranges from 0 to 30 with higher scores indicating more severe somatic distress | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| The change of 5-item Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D-5) total scores from baseline to 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. | The PDQ-D-5 assessing perceived cognitive deficits from the patient's perspective consists of 5 items, and the total score ranges from 0 to 20 with higher scores indicating greater perceived deficit. | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| The change of Life Events Scale (LES) total scores from baseline to 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months | The LES assessing the perceived stress and number of stressful life events experienced consists of 48 items which are classified into three dimensions: family life events (28 items), work and study events (13 items), and social events (7 items) with higher scores in LES perceived greater stressfulness. | Baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months |
| D001523 |
| Mental Disorders |