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This interventional clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of Antroyun (exergaming) and autogenic relaxation techniques on psychological well-being and life engagement among older adults living in nursing homes. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Antroyun intervention group, autogenic relaxation group, and a control group. Interventions were applied twice per week for eight weeks.
The results indicated that both interventions had a significant effect on improving psychological well-being and life engagement. The Antroyun group showed faster and more marked improvements in earlier follow-ups, while the autogenic relaxation group demonstrated sustained benefits in later follow-ups. The control group did not show any significant changes over time. Additionally, in the Antroyun group, the number of game wins was positively correlated with improvements in psychological well-being and life engagement scores.
This study was carried out as part of a doctoral dissertation at Sivas Cumhuriyet University.
This study was registered retrospectively due to its nature as a doctoral dissertation and institutional administrative timelines. Although participant enrollment and data collection had already started, the study protocol and outcome measures were pre-specified and ethically approved prior to implementation. No interim analysis was conducted prior to registration. This registration is intended to enhance research transparency and integrity.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exergaming Intervention Group | Experimental | Participants in this group engaged in exergaming sessions using motion-based digital games (e.g., table tennis, boxing, skiing) twice per week for 8 weeks. |
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| Autogenic Relaxation Intervention Group | Experimental | Participants in this group practiced autogenic relaxation twice per week for 8 weeks in small groups guided by verbal instructions |
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| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants in this group received no intervention and continued their usual routine. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exergaming Intervention Group | Behavioral | A behavioral intervention involving the use of motion-based digital games such as table tennis, boxing, skiing, and bowling. Participants performed exergaming sessions twice per week for eight weeks. Each session lasted approximately 15 minutes and was conducted in pairs under supervision. The intervention aimed to promote physical activity, cognitive engagement, and social interaction among older adults in a nursing home setting. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Psychological Well-Being Score | Psychological well-being was measured using the Elderly Psychological Well-Being Scale. The scale evaluates emotional, cognitive, and social well-being. Higher scores indicate better psychological well-being. | Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 16 (4 follow-ups total) |
| Change in Life Engagement Score | Life engagement was assessed with the Life Engagement Scale for Older Adults, which measures the degree of purpose, activity, and connectedness perceived by the elderly. | Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, and Week 16 (4 follow-ups total) |
| Standardize Mini Mental Test | Cognitive function was evaluated using the Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT), which assesses orientation, registration, attention, recall, and language. The test was used to monitor cognitive stability during the study. | Baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Institute of Health Sciences | Sivas | Central | 58140 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
No plan to share individual participant data.
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Participants were randomly assigned to one of three parallel groups: (1) exergaming intervention group, (2) autogenic relaxation intervention group, and (3) control group. Each group received their assigned intervention separately, and no crossover occurred between arms.
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| Autogenic Relaxation | Behavioral | A behavioral mind-body intervention in which participants practiced standardized verbal relaxation techniques focused on passive concentration and bodily awareness. Sessions were conducted in quiet rooms in small groups, twice per week for eight weeks, each lasting approximately 15 minutes. The goal was to enhance psychological well-being and reduce emotional tension in institutionalized older adults. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001326 | Autogenic Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006990 | Hypnosis |
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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