Age, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease) independently increase HF risk in hemodialysis patients. Targeted risk management reduces psychological distress, complications, and enhances care outcomes.

To identify risk factors for heart failure (HF) in hemodialysis patients and assess the efficacy of targeted risk management strategies in improving prognosis and care quality. A total of 170 hospitalized dialysis patients from January 2022 to January 2024 were enrolled. They were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of heart failure: the heart failure group (n=80) and the non-heart failure group (n=90). The inducing factors were analyzed, and targeted risk management strategies were implemented, with the participants further divided into a conventional group (n=40) and a study group (n=40) to explore the effect of these strategies.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients were aged 18 years or older who had been undergoing regular hemodialysis treatment for more than three months.

  • Patients were in good cardiopulmonary health without severe acute or chronic diseases, and were capable of undergoing the study-related examinations and treatments.

    • Patients had not undergone major surgeries or experienced acute complications within the three months prior to enrollment, and their conditions were stable.

      • Patients demonstrated high compliance by following medical advice and regularly attending dialysis sessions and related examinations.

        ⑤Patients were able to understand the study objectives, had signed the informed consent form, and were willing to cooperate with follow-up visits and long-term observation.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients were excluded if they had severe liver diseases (e.g., cirrhosis or liver failure), significant systemic infections, active tuberculosis, malignant tumors, connective tissue diseases, or other major illnesses.

  • Patients with congenital kidney diseases, congenital heart defects, or other severe congenital structural abnormalities were excluded.

    • Patients who had a documented history of severe cardiac diseases were excluded, including those with primary/secondary cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, myocarditis, or pericardial diseases.

      • Patients were excluded if they had severe mental disorders or cognitive impairments that prevented their cooperation with study assessments or treatments.

        ⑤Patients whose clinical records or examination data were incomplete, thereby precluding effective analysis, were excluded.