The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of therapeutic ultrasound and phonophoresis applications on pain, range of motion, flexibility and functional capacity in patients with chronic low back pain. The study is planned as the first scientific study comparing the effectiveness of these two physiotherapy methods in the treatment of chronic low back pain. It is aimed to make national and international publications with the data obtained at the end of the study.

The study will be conducted in a randomised single-blind, placebo-controlled design. 60 patients aged 18-30 years with chronic low back pain will be divided into 3 groups: therapeutic ultrasound (US) application, phonophoresis application and placebo US group. In addition to ultrasound and phonophoresis, TENS, infrared and low back exercises will be applied to all groups as treatment. Pain intensity (VAS), functional status (Oswestry disability index), flexibility (Sit-to-Sit test) and range of motion (goniometric measurements) will be assessed throughout the treatment period.

The study aims to make an important contribution from a clinical and economic point of view, given the increasing prevalence of low back pain worldwide and the need for treatment. The findings may guide the development of future treatment modalities.

Inclusion Criteria:

Individuals with low back pain for more than 3 months and pain intensity more than 5 according to VAS will be included in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

patients who have undergone surgical operations