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Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is generally seen with advanced age, but it manifests itself with an increase in both physical and psychological health problems. Frailty is an important parameter that has become increasingly important in recent years and affects both the physical and psychological health of individuals. It has been examined in various disease groups in the literature and is reported to increase in patients with low back pain. However, the level of frailty and related factors in LSS are unknown. Since physical and psychological health are important in maintaining daily life, it is important to examine frailty in these individuals who present with chronic pain symptoms.
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a degenerative disease that occurs due to compression of neurological structures as a result of narrowing of the spinal canal, and is particularly common in elderly individuals. LSS is characterized by pain, neurogenic claudication, decreased walking capacity, and functional disability. This condition can limit patients' daily living activities, leading to decreased physical activity levels, balance disorders, and increased fear of falling. At the same time, disability and decreased quality of life due to the disease can negatively affect individuals' physical and psychosocial health status, leading to increased frailty levels. Frailty is an important geriatric concept that requires multidisciplinary approaches and is associated with increased dependency and risk of falling in elderly individuals. Demonstrating the relationship between frailty and parameters such as pain, disability, quality of life, physical activity, balance, and fear of falling in individuals with LSS can contribute to the development of more effective rehabilitation strategies for the management of the disease.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with frail LSS | Patients with LSS who are frail according to Fried criteria will be assigned to this group. According to the Frid criteria, patients who score 3 or more on the following symptoms have a frailty level: weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, decreased mobility, and physical inactivity. | ||
| Patients without frail LSS | Patients with LSS who are not frail according to Fried criteria will be assigned to this group. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain severity | Pain will be assessed with the numerical pain scale (NRS). NRS varies between 0-10. The higher the score, the greater the pain. Pain will be assessed with the numerical pain scale (NRS). NRS varies between 0-10. The higher the score, the greater the pain. Pain will be assessed with the numerical pain scale (NRS). NRS varies between 0-10. The higher the score, the greater the pain. | Baseline |
| Static balance | Static balance will be assessed with the one-legged standing test. The test is terminated when it is 30 seconds or more, and there is a balance disorder below 10 seconds. Static balance will be assessed with the one-legged standing test. The test is terminated when it is 30 seconds or more, and there is a balance disorder below 10 seconds. | Baseline |
| Dynamic balance | Dynamic balance will be assessed with Timed up and Go test. Time will be recorded in seconds | Baseline |
| Disability | Disability will be assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index. The scale is scored from 0 to 100. A higher score indicates greater disability. | Baseline |
| Fear of Falling | Fear of falling will be assessed with the Fall Efficacy Scale-International. It is scored between 16-64, the higher the score, the greater the fear of falling. | Baseline |
| Health related quality of life | Quality of life will be assessed with Short Form-36. It is scored between 0-100, the higher the score, the higher the quality of life. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients diagnosed with LSS based on magnetic resonance imaging clinical evaluation will be included in the study.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Musa Gunes, PhD | Karabuk University | Principal Investigator |
| Aydın Sinan Apaydın, PhD | Karabuk University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karabuk University | Karabük | 78050 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30173327 | Result | Kim HJ, Park S, Park SH, Lee JH, Chang BS, Lee CK, Yeom JS. The prevalence and impact of frailty in patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. Eur Spine J. 2019 Jan;28(1):46-54. doi: 10.1007/s00586-018-5710-1. Epub 2018 Sep 1. | |
| 32792030 | Result | Leopoldino AAO, Megale RZ, Diz JBM, Moreira BS, Felicio DC, Queiroz BZ, Bastone AC, Ferreira ML, Pereira LSM. Influence of Frailty Status on Pain, Disability, and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Acute Low Back Pain: Results from the Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE-Brazil) Study. Can J Aging. 2021 Sep;40(3):367-375. doi: 10.1017/S0714980820000288. Epub 2020 Aug 14. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013130 | Spinal Stenosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013122 | Spinal Diseases |
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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| Baseline |
| 38140947 | Result | Nagai S, Kawabata S, Michikawa T, Ito K, Takeda H, Ikeda D, Kaneko S, Fujita N. Association between frailty and locomotive syndrome in elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: A retrospective longitudinal analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2024 Jan;24(1):116-122. doi: 10.1111/ggi.14785. Epub 2023 Dec 23. |