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Kangaroo care encompasses early and continuous skin-to-skin contact, frequent and regular breastfeeding, early discharge from the hospital, and other supportive care practices necessary for the infant . Through kangaroo care, the transition of newborns from intrauterine to extrauterine life is facilitated, and a strong and secure bond between the mother and the newborn is established. Kangaroo care, which does not require any additional equipment or special preparation, is a safe method that can be easily and frequently implemented due to its numerous benefits. Since maternal and neonatal health affects not only the family but also public health, maternal and neonatal comfort is considered to be of great importance. Kangaroo care is believed to contribute positively to the enhancement of this comfort and the strengthening of the mother-infant bond. Despite the well-documented benefits of kangaroo care in the literature, its implementation in our country has not reached the desired level. This study is planned to determine the effect of kangaroo care education provided to pregnant women in the third trimester on mother-infant bonding and maternal and neonatal comfort.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kangaroo care group | Experimental | In the initial visit, kangaroo care education will be provided to the pregnant women through a guide/presentation prepared by the researchers, accompanied by hands-on training with a baby. Later, the pregnant women will practice it with a non-real baby. The kangaroo care video prepared by the researchers will be sent to the pregnant women. A chart will be provided to track how many times the pregnant women watch the video. Throughout the study, messages regarding kangaroo care will be sent to the mothers. After being informed by the mothers/fathers that labor has started, they will be visited at the hospital within the first 24 hours. The infant information form, mother-infant bonding scale, kangaroo care comfort scale, and neonatal comfort behavior scale will be completed. Pregnant women will be asked to continue kangaroo care for four weeks after delivery, and at the end of this period, data collection forms will be completed via WhatsApp. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | No intervention will be applied to the control group. The pregnant women will be informed about their expected delivery date and will be instructed to notify the researchers when labor begins. After being informed by the mothers/fathers that labor has started, they will be visited within the first 24 hours at the hospital, and the infant information form, mother-infant bonding scale, kangaroo care comfort scale, and neonatal comfort behavior scale will be completed. Four weeks later, the data collection forms will be sent via WhatsApp, and the participants will be asked to complete them. At the end of the study, it will be announced that the study has concluded. At the conclusion of the study, the mothers in this group will also receive a guide and video about the importance and application of kangaroo care via WhatsApp. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kangaroo Care Intervention Group | Behavioral | The mother should wear a comfortable outfit that can be easily opened at the front, and attention should be given to the mother's privacy. The infant should be covered with a light blanket. While applying kangaroo care, the baby may be completely naked, or the baby may wear items such as a hat, diaper, and socks. The kangaroo care position involves placing the baby upright between the mother's breasts. The newborn's abdomen should be positioned at the level of the mother's epigastric region. While performing kangaroo care, the mother should ensure that the baby's face is visible and that the baby's head is not in extreme extension or excessive flexion. During the procedure, care should be taken to ensure that the baby can breathe comfortably while on the mother's chest. The pregnant women will be instructed to practice kangaroo care intermittently for 30 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of Mother-Infant Bonding in Pregnant Women Who Received Kangaroo Care Education in the Third Trimester | After being informed by the mother/father that labor has started, they will be visited at the hospital within the first 24 hours. During this visit, it will be inquired whether the mother has applied kangaroo care, and she will be encouraged to do so. The infant information form, mother-infant bonding scale will be completed. As the final follow-up, a video call will be conducted with the mother 4 weeks later, and she will be asked to complete the survey forms sent via WhatsApp. | At the time of first participation in the study in the third trimester, within the first 24 hours after delivery, and 4 weeks after delivery |
| Evaluation of Maternal Comfort in Pregnant Women Who Received Kangaroo Care Education in the Third Trimester | The infant information form, mother kangaroo care comfort scale will be completed. As the final follow-up, a video call will be conducted with the mother 4 weeks later, and she will be asked to complete the survey forms sent via WhatsApp. | At the time of first participation in the study in the third trimester, within the first 24 hours after delivery, and 4 weeks after delivery |
| Evaluation of Neonatal Comfort in Pregnant Women Who Received Kangaroo Care Education in the Third Trimester | The infant information form, neonatal comfort behaviour scale will be completed. As the final follow-up, a video call will be conducted with the mother 4 weeks later, and she will be asked to complete the survey forms sent via WhatsApp. | Newborn comfort behaviors will be evaluated within the first 24 hours after birth and again at 4 weeks postpartum. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria for Pregnant Women:
Inclusion Criteria for the Infant:
Exclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria during Data Collection:
Since it will be conducted with pregnant women in the third trimester
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| EMEL AVÇİN, Doctor | University of Yalova | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yalova University | Yalova | 77200 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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Randomized controlled and quasi-experimental research
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