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This is a prospective, single-center observational study conducted at the Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology. The study included 107 clinically stable adult patients with cancer who required red blood cell transfusion based on a restrictive hemoglobin threshold. The aim of the study was to evaluate alternative physiological indicators of transfusion need and effectiveness. Measurements included oxygen extraction ratio (O₂ER), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂), partial pressure of oxygen in central venous blood (PvO₂), arterio-venous oxygen difference (A-VO₂diff), lactate, and veno-arterial carbon dioxide difference (ΔCO₂). These parameters were assessed before and one hour after transfusion. For data analysis, patients were stratified into two groups based on their baseline O₂ER (≤35.4% and >35.4%) to evaluate whether higher O₂ER is associated with more pronounced physiological response to transfusion.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer Patients with Anemia Receiving RBC Transfusion | This group includes clinically stable, non-ventilated adult oncology patients with anemia who received red blood cell transfusion at the Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology. All participants were monitored for physiological parameters-including O₂ER, ScvO₂, PvO₂, A-VO₂diff, lactate, and ΔCO₂-before and one hour after transfusion. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red blood cell transfusion | Procedure | Standard red blood cell transfusion performed as part of routine clinical care. All participants received one or more units of RBCs based on a restrictive hemoglobin threshold. The transfusion protocol was not altered for the purpose of the study. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Oxygen Extraction Ratio (O₂ER) | Difference in oxygen extraction ratio measured before and one hour after red blood cell transfusion | Baseline and 1 hour post-transfusion |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Central Venous Blood (PvO₂) | Difference in PvO₂ measured before and one hour after transfusion | Baseline and 1 hour post-transfusion |
| Change in Central Venous Oxygen Saturation (ScvO₂) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Clinically stable, non-ventilated adult oncology patients with anemia who required red blood cell transfusion as part of routine clinical care at the Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| ARDAK A ARYNOV, M.D. | Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty city, Kazakhstan | Principal Investigator |
| Evgeni Brotfain, M.D., Professor | Division of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Director of Post Anesthesia Care Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology | Almaty | 050000 | Kazakhstan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41419638 | Derived | Arynov A, Gratz J, Kabon B, Kaidarova D, Satanova A, Brotfain E. Evaluation of alternative transfusion triggers in hemodynamically stable, non-ventilated cancer patients: a prospective observational study. Sci Rep. 2025 Dec 19;16(1):2831. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32630-6. |
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The study results will be published in aggregated form only. No individual participant data (IPD) will be shared.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000740 | Anemia |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006402 | Hematologic Diseases |
| D006425 | Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017707 | Erythrocyte Transfusion |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016913 | Blood Component Transfusion |
| D001803 | Blood Transfusion |
| D001691 | Biological Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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Difference in ScvO₂ measured before and one hour after transfusion
| Baseline and 1 hour post-transfusion |
| Change in Lactate Concentration | Difference in serum lactate measured before and one hour after transfusion | Baseline and 1 hour post-transfusion |
| Change in Arterio-Venous Oxygen Difference (A-VO₂diff) | Difference in arteriovenous oxygen difference measured before and one hour after transfusion | Baseline and 1 hour post-transfusion |
| Change in Veno-Arterial Carbon Dioxide Difference (ΔCO₂) | Difference in ΔCO₂ measured before and one hour after transfusion | Baseline and 1 hour post-transfusion |