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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1156048 | Other Grant/Funding Number | TPIF |
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The aging population is rapidly increasing, and it is important to identify dietary factors that can prevent disease and promote health in this group. Legumes, such as peanuts, are a plant-based food high in protein and unsaturated fat making this a healthy choice but are not consumed frequently enough in older adults. Studies have shown that regular nut consumption is associated with lower adiposity and reduced weight gain, and several dietary pattern studies indicate that nuts and legumes are associated with better bone health. In addition, our preliminary translational data indicates that a higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake is associated with improved bone mineral density (BMD) and quality. Given these findings, the proposed study aims to examine the impact of consuming peanut products on bone health, metabolic health (e.g., serum glucose, insulin, lipids and inflammation), markers of brain and sleep health, and physical function in overweight and obese older adults before and after a six-month weight loss intervention using a randomized controlled design. The results of this study have the potential to provide valuable insights into the role of peanuts as a sources of fatty acids in promoting health and preventing disease in at-risk adults.
The aging population is rapidly increasing, and it is important to identify dietary factors that can prevent disease and promote health in this group. Legumes, such as peanuts, are a plant-based food high in protein and unsaturated fat making this a healthy choice but are not consumed frequently enough in older adults. Studies have shown that regular nut consumption is associated with lower adiposity and reduced weight gain, and several dietary pattern studies indicate that nuts and legumes are associated with better bone health. In addition, our preliminary translational data indicates that a higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake is associated with improved bone mineral density (BMD) and quality. Given these findings, the proposed study aims to examine the impact of consuming peanut products on bone health, metabolic health (e.g., serum glucose, insulin, lipids and inflammation), markers of brain and sleep health, and physical function in overweight and obese older adults before and after a six-month weight loss intervention using a randomized controlled design. The results of this study have the potential to provide valuable insights into the role of peanuts as a sources of fatty acids in promoting health and preventing disease in at-risk adults.
Specific Aims
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peanut | Experimental | Peanut products |
|
| Nut-free snack | Active Comparator | Grain snack (nut-free) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peanut Snack Experimental | Dietary Supplement | Subjects will receive a daily peanut snack and nutrition education-behavior modification instructions for weight loss |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Bone Mineral Density (BMD - hip) | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; g/cm2 | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Soft tissue (lean and fat mass) | dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (kg) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Serum bone turnover | Serum levels (ng/mL) of carboxyterminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), procollagen type-I aminoterminal propeptide (PINP), and osteocalcin |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) | Modified SPPB includes chair stand, balance test on1 leg and walk test (0-12; higher score is better) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Arm Curl | Dumbbell weight (More arm curls are better. Score interpretation is age and sex dependent) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Principal Investigator | Contact | 848-932-9403 | shapses@rutgers.edu | |
| Research Manager | Contact | ru-nextnutrition@sebs.rutgers.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rutgers University - NJ Inst Food Nutrition & Health | Recruiting | New Brunswick | New Jersey | 08901 | United States |
Individual participant data that underlie the results and after deidentification will be shared upon request for researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal (and IRB approved).
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015431 | Weight Loss |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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Randomized Controlled Trial
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The statistician is responsible for randomization and blinding other investigators.
| Nut-free Snack | Dietary Supplement | Subjects will receive a daily peanut snack and nutrition education-behavior modification instructions for weight loss |
|
| Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Areal BMD | Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry: lumbar spine, femoral neck, radius, total body, g/cm2 | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Weight loss | Body weight in kg | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Trabecular BMD | peripheral quantified computed tomography, g/cm3 | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Trabecular separation | peripheral quantitative computed tomography, mm | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Trabecular bone volume / tissue volume | peripheral quantitative computed tomography, BV/TV (%) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Cortical and total (volumetric BMD) | peripheral quantitative computed tomography, g/cm3 | change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Cortical (thickness) | peripheral quantitative computed tomography, mm | change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Cortical (porosity) | peripheral quantitative computed tomography, % | change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Inflammatory Markers | Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Lipid panel | serum LDL, HDL, triglycerides (mg/dL) | Change in baseline and 24 weeks |
| Cognition | Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Physical and sleep activity level | Time spent in sleep, sedentary activity, and moderate-to-vigorous activity (minutes) using Actigraphy | change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Sleep architecture (EEG) | Time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM stages 1-3 sleep (minutes) and as a percentage of total sleep time | Baseline and 24 weeks |
| Subjective Sleep | Sleep Diary will be used to assess quality of the previous night's sleep using a Likert scale (higher scores reflect higher quality sleep) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Body Temperature (CALERA) | (Core, skin, heat flux) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Hand Grip | Dynamometer (kilograms, higher is better) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Circumferences | tape measure (waist and hip) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Glucose and insulin | Serum (mg/dL) | Change from baseline and 24 weeks |
| Parathyroid hormone | serum (pg/mL) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) | Serum (ng/mL) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Estradiol | serum (pg/mL) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Eating self-efficacy | Weight lifestyle efficacy questionnaire short-form (0-80; higher score is better) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Diet Quality Score | nutrient analysis software (Healthy Eating Index 0-100; higher score is better) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Microbiota | stool | Baseline and 24 weeks |
| Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) | sphygmomanometer (mmHg) | Change from baseline to 24 weeks |
| Quality of Sleep | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (0-21; higher score is worse) | Change from baseline and 24 weeks |
| MRI of the brain | Tissue/Blood (1 hour of MRI time) | Baseline to 24 weeks |
| Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire | Score (16-86; higher score is morningness vs low score is eveningness) | Baseline and after 24 weeks |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |