High blood pressure (BP) or hypertension (HTN) affects over 100 million individuals in the US, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes, including stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Effective therapies include non-pharmacologic approaches and multiple medication classes. Successful HTN management requires ongoing patient engagement for BP monitoring and treatment intensification. Reaching this goal is challenging, and many patients with HTN do not have controlled BP.

Using a collaborative partnership between patients, clinicians, health system and public health stakeholders, and the research team the investigators plan to overcome barriers to widespread implementation of evidence-based health system strategies to improve BP control in a large, urban, primary care-based safety-net setting for diverse populations experiencing disparities in HTN-related outcomes.

A hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study will be implemented to evaluate the comparative impact of each intervention on clinical outcomes while also assessing implementation at each site. The multi-site cluster randomized stepped-wedge design allows for feasible resource allocation and sequential roll out of the interventions for comparison, ensuring each site has the opportunity to benefit from both approaches. Data will be collected for multiple patient reported outcomes (PROs) to understand the range of impacts of the interventions from the patient perspective.

The specific aims are to:

• Assess comparative effectiveness of remote BP monitoring (RBPM) versus RBPM + multilevel intensification intervention (MII) on HTN control and quality of care. Prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness of each of these interventions yet the optimal approach to achieve equity in HTN control in safety net practices remains unknown.
• Use mixed methods, guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, to assess implementation of the two comparators as measured by reach, adoption, implementation (fidelity) and maintenance. Using a convergent parallel design, the investigators will use concurrent quantitative and qualitative data to obtain perspectives across multiple levels to understand the reasons for success or failure of implementation of each comparator. By merging these data, integration can be achieved by using qualitative themes related to implementation to support or refute quantitative findings of reach and fidelity.
• Evaluate the comparative impacts of each intervention on PROs assessed with validated measures of patient activation, medication adherence, and trust in medical settings. The study intervention approaches were informed by direct feedback from the targeted diverse patients and clinical providers to address patient-reported barriers to HTN control: lack of activation, adherence to medications, and trust in their care providers.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult (age>18) patients receiving primary care at one of the 9 participating sites, with primary care provider (PCP) visit in the preceding year
• Presence of HTN defined by one or more of: 1) diagnosis included on active problem list, 2) active HTN medications in prior year, 3) 3 separate elevated BP measurements
• Uncontrolled HTN defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)>140

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not meeting the inclusion criteria