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This study investigated the effect of various initial foot positions on knee and ankle proprioception, balance, dynamic balance, vertical jump, and electromyographical muscle activity in basketball players with FF.
Objective: To investigate the effect of various initial foot positions on knee and ankle proprioception, balance, dynamic balance, vertical jump, and electromyographical muscle activity in basketball players with FF.
Methods: Eighty-four basketball players with chronic ankle instability were distributed to three groups (28 with flexible FF, 28 with rigid FF, and 28 without FF). The outcome measures will include static and dynamic balance, knee and ankle proprioception, vertical jump, and electromyography (EMG) of ankle muscles (including gastrocnemius (GE), soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior (TA), and peroneus longus (PL) muscles)
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| flexible FF | 28 basketball player with flexible flatfoot and chronic ankle instability | ||
| Rigid FF | 28 basketball player with rigid flatfoot and chronic ankle instability | ||
| Control | 28 basketball player without flatfoot but chronic ankle instability |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Knee proprioception with repositioning error test | The knee proprioception will be measured using the repositioning error test on the dominant leg to measure the absolute angular error. This test will assess the ability of the participant to reproduce a previously performed position (45 and 15 degrees of knee flexion). | 3 months |
| Ankle proprioception with angular error measurement test | This test will assess the ability of the participant to reproduce previously performed ankle positions (15° dorsiflexion and 15° plantar flexion.) | 3 months |
| Static balance with The Y-Balance test | The Y-Balance test will be used to evaluate static balance 27. The test will assess the ability of the participant to maintain balance while reaching as far as possible in all three directions (anterior (A), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) directions). | 3 months |
| Dynamic balance with Biodex Balance device | In this study, dynamic balance will be measured by the Biodex Balance System (Biodex 945-302, Biodex Medical Systems Inc., New York, USA). The Biodex Balance System has been demonstrated to be a reliable and validated instrument to assess dynamic balance. The biodex will assess the anteroposterior and lateral stability. | 3 months |
| Vertical jump height with vertical jump tester | A vertical jump tester (Sports Imports, Columbus, OH)32 will be utilized to evaluate the vertical jump height in cm of each participant. The achieved height distance in cm in each step will be recorded, and the maximum height will be used in the statistical analysis. | 3 months |
| Electromyographical activity (EMG) during one-leg standing |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Basketball players with chronic ankle instability
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nahda University | Banī Suwayf | Beni Suweif Governorate | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005413 | Flatfoot |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070558 | Talipes |
| D005531 | Foot Deformities, Acquired |
| D005530 | Foot Deformities |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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A wireless surface EMG system will record electromyographical signals (EMG) of ankle muscles, including gastrocnemius (GE), soleus (SOL), tibialis anterior (TA), and peroneus longus (PL) muscles. |
| 3 months |
| D005532 |
| Foot Deformities, Congenital |
| D038061 | Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital |
| D017880 | Limb Deformities, Congenital |
| D009139 | Musculoskeletal Abnormalities |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |