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The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether laughter yoga can improve sexual functioning and reduce psychological symptoms in adults diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does laughter yoga improve sexual functioning in individuals with MS?
Does laughter yoga reduce anxiety, depression, and fatigue, and improve quality of life in this population?
Participants will:
Attend 10 online laughter yoga sessions over 5 weeks (2 sessions per week, 40 minutes each)
Complete online questionnaires before, during, and after the intervention to assess sexual functioning, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and quality of life
This quasi-experimental study investigates the effectiveness of laughter yoga in improving sexual functioning and psychosocial outcomes in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Laughter yoga is a behavioral intervention combining voluntary laughter with yogic breathing techniques, aiming to enhance emotional well-being and reduce stress-related symptoms.
The study includes three assessment points: baseline (pretest), five weeks after the baseline (pre-intervention), and post-intervention. The intervention consists of 10 structured laughter yoga sessions conducted via Zoom over a 5-week period. Each session lasts approximately 40 minutes and includes rhythmic clapping, deep breathing exercises, playful activities, and simulated laughter practices guided by a certified laughter yoga facilitator.
Validated self-report instruments are used to assess sexual functioning, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and quality of life. The study specifically targets individuals with MS who report sexual problems and experience mild to moderate psychological symptoms.
The primary aim is to determine the effect of laughter yoga on sexual functioning (measured by MSISQ-19). Secondary outcomes include changes in anxiety, depression, fatigue, and health-related quality of life. This study seeks to explore laughter yoga as a feasible, non-pharmacological, and low-cost approach to improving multidimensional well-being in MS patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Arm | Experimental | Participants in this single-arm study will undergo a structured laughter yoga intervention after a 5-week observation period without any intervention. The intervention consists of 10 sessions delivered over the subsequent 5 weeks (2 sessions per week). Each session lasts approximately 40 minutes and is conducted online via Zoom. Sessions include four core components: rhythmic clapping, deep breathing exercises (pranayama), playful activities, and guided laughter exercises. This design allows within-subject comparison of outcomes before and after the intervention. The goal is to assess the effects of laughter yoga on sexual functioning and psychological well-being in individuals with multiple sclerosis. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laughter Yoga | Other | Laughter yoga is a behavioral intervention that combines intentional laughter exercises with yogic breathing techniques. In this study, the intervention consisted of 10 sessions delivered over five weeks (two sessions per week), each lasting approximately 40 minutes. Sessions were conducted live via Zoom and included components such as rhythmic clapping, deep breathing (pranayama), playful movements, and guided laughter exercises. The aim was to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and enhance psychological well-being in individuals with multiple sclerosis. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Sexual Functioning (MSISQ-19 Total Score) | Sexual functioning will be assessed using the Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19). This scale includes 19 items measuring primary, secondary, and tertiary sexual dysfunctions in individuals with MS. Scores range from 19 to 95, with higher scores indicating greater dysfunction. A reduction in score reflects improvement in sexual functioning. | Baseline (Week 0), Pre-Intervention (Week 5), and Post-Intervention (Week 11) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Anxiety Level (HADS-A Score) | Anxiety levels will be measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale (HADS-A). Scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety. A decrease in the score reflects improvement. | Baseline (Week 0), Pre-Intervention (Week 5), and Post-Intervention (Week 11) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul University School Of Nursing | Istanbul | 34116 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| D012735 | Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D027641 | Laughter Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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This study utilizes a single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effects of a structured laughter yoga intervention on psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression), fatigue, sexual life, and quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The model includes three data collection points: baseline (Week 0), five weeks after the pretest (Week 5, without intervention), and post-intervention (Week 11, after 10 laughter yoga sessions). This within-subject design allows for the comparison of participant outcomes over time, enabling the assessment of changes attributable to the intervention. No control group is included in this design.
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| Change in Fatigue Level (Fatigue Severity Scale Score) | Fatigue will be assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), consisting of 9 items rated on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate greater fatigue. A mean score ≥4 indicates clinically significant fatigue. | Baseline (Week 0), Pre-Intervention (Week 5), and Post-Intervention (Week 11) |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |