Investigating the efficacy, safety, and molecular mechanism of Pentoxifylline supplementation in improving elevated direct bilirubin level and liver function tests in patients with hepatic and post-hepatic jaundice

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients age 18-70 years old.
• Patients diagnosed with jaundice and increased level direct bilirubin ≥ 3 mg/dL.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy.

  • Nursing mothers.
  • Patients with increased indirect bilirubin level.
  • Patients who have Gilbert syndrome or Crigler Najjar syndrome.
  • History of intolerance and hypersensitivity to Pentoxifylline or to xanthine derivatives such as caffeine, theophylline.
  • Recent hemorrhage.
  • Patients who have risk factors potentially complicated by hemorrhage.
  • Taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy.