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This project was aimed to examine the effects of a six-month VA exercise program incorporated the SPOZ technology in improving the disease dysfunction and functional fitness deterioration of older adults with dementia in adult daycare centers.
A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of a six-month VA exercise program incorporated the SPOZ technology in improving the disease dysfunction, functional fitness deterioration (balance, lower muscle endurance, gait speed, handgrip strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle endurance, agility, body flexibility), activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and sleep quality of older adults with dementia in adult daycare centers. Using convenience sampling, 10 adult daycare centers with 142 older adults were recruited, and then cluster-randomized by the daycare centers to an experimental or a control group. The experimental group received a 40-minute program 3 times a week for 6 months; the control group maintained their routine activities. The two groups were measured at three time points: before the intervention, and at three months and six months of the intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VA-SPOZ exercise program | Experimental | The VA-SPOZ exercise program was comprised of 3 parts: (1) the first part had 5 movements, including breathing regulation, alternating arm stretching, trunk movement, alternating left and right legs, and gradually started the blood circulation in a gentle way; (2) the second part had 14 movements, using five punching techniques, the left and right arms alternating in a natural parabola, and punching the acupoints to vibrate meridians. The purpose of the second part of the movement was to stimulate the 14 meridians and to promote the circulation of qi and blood throughout the body; (3) the third part had 5 movements, which were to adjust the breath, relax the muscles, stretch the body, and warm the face and lower back of the body by hand touch. Participants wore SPOZ devices on both hands to record and track the accuracy of the movements.The 40-minute program was administered three times a week for 6 months. |
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| Control | Active Comparator | Participants in the control group maintained their routine activities. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VA-SPOZ exercise program | Other | The VA-SPOZ exercise program had 3 phases and took 40 minutes to complete. The program was performed in a seated position, and the participants wore SPOZ devices on both hands to record and track the accuracy of the movements. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Balance | measured by the Balance tests in SPPB | 6 months |
| Lower muscle endurance | measured by the 5-time sit-to-stand in SPPB | 6 months |
| Gait speed | measured by the 4-m walk in SPPB | 6 months |
| Handgrip strength | measured by the Digital Handgrip Dynamometer (TKK-5101) | 6 months |
| Cardiorespiratory endurance | measured by the 2-minute step test | 6 months |
| Muscle endurance | measured by the SPOZ devices | 6 months |
| Agility | measured by the SPOZ devices | 6 months |
| Body flexibility | measured by the SPOZ devices | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Activities of daily living (ADL) | measured by the Disability Assessment for Dementia (Categories 1-4). The scale has 47 questions measuring 11 types of activities; of which, 22 questions measuring 4 types of ADL. The scoring system (yes = 1, no = 0, and not applicable = N/A) can be divided into three parts: (1) initiation (7 items): measuring the ability to decide or to start an action; (2) planning and organization (8 items): measuring the ability to structure activities in an appropriate sequence and to be able to prepare relevant supplies or develop strategies before action; and (3) performance (7 items): measuring the ability to complete the entire activity. Divide the total score by the number of questions answered (excluding the number of questions that are not applicable), the score converts into a percentage. A higher percentage indicates less disability in daily activities. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kuei-Min Chen, PhD | Kaohsiung Medical University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaohsiung Medical University | Kaohsiung | Taiwan | 80708 | Taiwan |
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| Control | Other | Participants maintained their routine activities. |
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| 6 months |
| Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) | measured by the Disability Assessment for Dementia (Categories 5-10). The scale has 47 questions measuring 11 types of activities; of which, 22 questions measuring 6 types of IADL. The scoring system (yes = 1, no = 0, and not applicable = N/A) can be divided into three parts: (1) initiation (6 items): measuring the ability to decide or to start an action; (2) planning and organization (6 items): measuring the ability to structure activities in an appropriate sequence and to be able to prepare relevant supplies or develop strategies before action; and (3) performance (10 items): measuring the ability to complete the entire activity. Divide the total score by the number of questions answered (excluding the number of questions that are not applicable), the score converts into a percentage. A higher percentage indicates less disability in daily activities. | 6 months |
| Sleep quality | measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (Item 11). The item 11 measures sleep/nighttime behaviors. The assessment consists of three parts: (1) to determine the presence or absence of symptoms, 0 = no, 1 = yes; (2) to determine the severity of the symptoms, rating between 1 and 3, and with higher scores indicate more severe symptoms; (3) to rate the degree of caregiver's distress caused by the client's symptoms on a scale of 0-5, and with higher scores indicating greater distress. | 6 months |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004194 | Disease |
| D007319 | Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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