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The study aims to evaluate the impact of a bedside-delivered virtual reality (VR) mindfulness experience on well-being and psychosocial outcomes among hospitalized adult patients compared to standard of care (SOC; no added mindfulness intervention).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VR Group | Experimental |
| |
| Standard of Care | Active Comparator |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VR mindfulness application | Behavioral | Participants receiving the VR intervention will be instructed to wear a Meta Quest 2 headset (Meta, Inc., Menlo Park, CA) and participate in a VR mindfulness application that is specifically designed to promote mindfulness, relaxation, and emotional regulation via guided content delivered in an immersive environment. Participants will be asked to complete pre and post intervention surveys. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Mental Well-being | The World Health Organization - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is a participant-reported outcome measure that assesses current mental well being. Questionnaire contains 5 questions. It scores five positively phrased items from 0 ("at no time") to 5 ("all of the time"), with a total raw score of 0-25, where lower scores indicate poorer well-being | baseline, immediately after the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| STAI-Trait | The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait (STAI-T) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire measuring long-standing, stable anxiety tendencies. It is a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 20-80, with higher scores indicating higher anxiety. | Baseline |
| Change in STAI-State |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas Caruso, MD, PhD | Contact | 6504970927 | tjcaruso@stanford.edu | |
| Man Yee Suen, MD | Contact | 6504970927 | smy822@stanford.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford Health Care (SHC) | Palo Alto | California | 94304 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059039 | Standard of Care |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019984 | Quality Indicators, Health Care |
| D011787 | Quality of Health Care |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |
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| Standard of Care (SOC) | Behavioral | Participants will undergo a 30-minute SOC window during which they will be asked to do whatever they would normally do for relaxation during hospitalization. Participants will be asked to complete pre and post intervention surveys. |
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The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - State (STAI-S) is a 20-item self-report tool used to measure current, transient anxiety states. It is a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 20-80, with higher scores indicating higher anxiety. |
| Baseline, immediately after the intervention |
| Change in Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) | The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a 20-item self-report questionnaire (10 positive, 10 negative) used to measure emotional state and affect regulation. It is a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Very Slightly/Not at All; 5 = Extremely) | baseline, immediately after the intervention |
| Change in Relaxation State measured by the Relaxation State Questionnaire (RSQ) | the Relaxation State Questionnaire (RSQ; Steghaus & Poth, 2022) is a validated 10-item self-report instrument measuring momentary subjective relaxation states across four subscales: Muscle Scale, Cardiovascular Scale, General Relaxation Scale, and Sleepiness Scale. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not correct at all to 5 = Entirely correct), with reverse-scored items as indicated. | baseline, immediately after the intervention |
| Participant Satisfaction as Measured by a Self-Developed Satisfaction Survey | Participants will complete the Self-Developed Satisfaction survey. The instrument includes 4 closed-ended items with varying response formats. Three question is on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Not at all, 5=Completely) and one is in "Check all that apply" format. | immediately after the intervention |