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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| UMREC_3967 | Other Identifier | University of Malaya Research Ethics Committee |
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This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Mammoverse, a gamified metaverse-based educational platform, in improving breast health knowledge among women in China. Participants were randomly assigned to either a gamified or non-gamified version of the platform. Both groups received identical educational content, but only the gamified group experienced interactive game elements such as avatars, progress feedback, and rewards. Knowledge was assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at 4-week follow-up. The study found that the gamified platform significantly improved knowledge retention and participant engagement compared to the non-gamified version.
This ClinicalTrials.gov registration reflects only the randomized controlled trial (RCT) portion of a broader mixed-methods study that was approved by the University of Malaya Research Ethics Committee (Ref: UM.TNC2/UMREC_3967). The full study protocol includes three methodological approaches, and this registration pertains specifically to the RCT component involving the Mammoverse platform. Other study components are not included in this registration.
Mammoverse is a 3D metaverse environment designed to promote breast health knowledge through immersive and interactive learning. The gamified version included user avatars, badges, tasks, and personalized feedback to increase motivation and engagement. The study recruited 72 women aged 18 and above, and used a pre-post-follow-up design. Outcome measures were based on an adapted 18-item Breast Health Literacy Questionnaire. The trial was conducted entirely online, with ethics approval from the University of Malaya Research Ethics Committee.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gamified Metaverse Education | Experimental | Participants in this group used the Mammoverse platform with gamified features, including story-based missions, interactive tasks, point-based rewards, achievement badges, and virtual incentives. The educational content was delivered through immersive scenarios to enhance engagement and motivation in learning about breast health. |
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| Non-Gamified Metaverse Education | Active Comparator | Participants in this group accessed the Mammoverse platform without any gamified features. The virtual environment delivered identical breast health educational content, but without tasks, points, rewards, badges, or narrative elements. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamified Mammoverse Platform | Behavioral | A gamified, metaverse-based platform delivering breast health education through story-based tasks, interactive challenges, points, rewards, badges, and virtual incentives. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Breast Health Knowledge Score from Baseline to 4 Weeks Post-Intervention | Assessed using an 18-item adapted Breast Health Literacy Questionnaire. Scores range from 0 to 18, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge. Main comparison is between baseline and 4-week follow-up. | Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Breast Health Knowledge Score from Baseline to Immediately Post-Intervention | Same questionnaire used to assess immediate knowledge gain after the intervention. | Baseline and immediately post-intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge Retention from Immediately Post-Intervention to 4 Weeks Post | Change in knowledge scores to evaluate retention over 4 weeks. | Immediately post-intervention and 4 weeks post-intervention |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Rui Li, PhD(c) | University of Malaya | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Online Recruitment - Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China | Hangzhou | Zhejiang | 31000 | China | ||
| University of Malaya |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41687006 | Derived | Li R, Kahn SM, Duan B, Wong SY. Gamified Versus Nongamified Metaverse Learning for Breast Health Knowledge in Women: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Serious Games. 2026 Feb 13;14:e75318. doi: 10.2196/75318. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006266 | Health Education |
| D001943 | Breast Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000099060 | Adherence Interventions |
| D055118 | Medication Adherence |
| D010349 | Patient Compliance |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
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Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two parallel groups: a gamified version of the Mammoverse metaverse-based platform or a non-gamified version containing the same educational content.
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| Standard Mammoverse Platform | Behavioral | A non-gamified version of the Mammoverse platform that provides the same breast health educational content. |
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| Kuala Lumpur |
| Malaysia |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D001941 | Breast Diseases |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |