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This study presents the protocol for a non-randomized controlled trial evaluating a motivational-based training program for pre-service Physical Education teachers. The experimental group will participate in a 14-hour training program based on Self-Determination Theory and the circumplex model. The program consists of theoretical and practical training to foster motivating teaching styles and minimize demotivating ones. The control group will follow the standard curriculum of the Master's in Physical Education Teacher Education program without exposure to the specific intervention.
Physical Education Teacher Education is crucial, as it directly influences how pre-service Physical Education teachers will teach, motivate, and engage their future students. However, training programs that foster motivating teaching styles while minimizing demotivating ones remain scarce, particularly during initial teacher education. This study presents the protocol for a non-randomized controlled trial evaluating a motivational-based training program for pre-service Physical Education teachers, grounded in Self-Determination Theory and the circumplex model. The program, embedded in a Master's in Physical Education Teacher Education, consists of theoretical and practical training to foster motivating teaching styles and minimize demotivating ones. The study will involve at least 38 pre-service teachers, divided into an experimental group (n = 19) and a control group (n = 19). The experimental group will participate in a 14-hour training program combining theoretical and practical components. The control group will follow the standard Physical Education Teacher Education curriculum. A quasi-experimental pre-post design with a mixed-methods approach will be used. Quantitative assessments will measure changes in perceived competence, motivation for teaching, and (de)motivating teaching styles, while qualitative focus groups will provide in-depth insights into participants' experiences and program applicability. To ensure objectivity, independent researchers will conduct assessments, and external experts will moderate the focus groups. Findings will contribute empirical evidence on the effectiveness of Self-Determination Theory-based interventions in initial teacher education, informing curriculum development and supporting the advancement of evidence-based pedagogical training in Physical Education.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | The experimental group will participate in a 14-hour training program combining theoretical and practical components of Self-Determination Theory and the circumplex model. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | The control group will follow the standard Physical Education Teacher Education curriculum |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motivational Training Program | Behavioral | This study presents the protocol for a non-randomized controlled trial evaluating a motivational-based training program for pre-service Physical Education teachers, grounded in Self-Determination Theory and the circumplex model. The program, embedded in a Master's in Physical Education Teacher Education, consists of theoretical and practical training to foster motivating teaching styles and minimize demotivating ones. The study will involve at least 38 pre-service teachers, divided into an experimental group (n = 19) and a control group (n = 19). The experimental group will participate in a 14-hour training program combining theoretical and practical components. The control group will follow the standard Physical Education Teacher Education curriculum. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| (De)motivating teaching styles | Changes in (de)motivating teaching styles (Measured using SIS-PE) | At baseline (Week 0), 4 weeks after baseline, and 8 months after baseline. |
| Teaching competence | Changes in perceived teaching competence (Measured using BPNSFS). | At baseline (Week 0), 4 weeks after baseline, and 8 months after baseline. |
| Motivation to teach | Changes in motivation to teach (Measured using EME-ES). | At baseline (Week 0), 4 weeks after baseline, and 8 months after baseline. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of the training program | Perceived quality of the training program (Program evaluation questionnaire and final focus group). | 4 weeks after baseline, and 8 months after baseline. |
| Applicability of the training program |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carlos Mayo Rota | Contact | +34655375050 | cmayo@unizar.es |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación | Recruiting | Huesca | Aragon | 22003 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40692882 | Derived | Mayo-Rota C, Abos A, Garcia-Cazorla J, Villafana-Samper Z, Garcia-Gonzalez L. Study protocol of a non-randomized controlled trial on a circumplex model-based motivational training program for pre-service physical education teachers. Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 7;13:1611556. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1611556. eCollection 2025. |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Mar 20, 2025 | Mar 28, 2025 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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Perceived applicability of the training program (Program evaluation questionnaire and final focus group).
| 4 weeks after baseline, and 8 months after baseline. |
| Strengths and weaknesses of the training program | Qualitative insights on the impact of the training (Final focus group discussion) | 8 months after baseline. |