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The goal of this study is to find out if a tool called an external cueing device (ECD) can help young swimmers improve their shoulder function. An ECD is a tool that limits arm movement and gives the swimmer a target to focus on while doing exercises. The main questions this study will answer are:
Participants will:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shoulder Stabilization Exercise | Active Comparator | Protocol contains 8 exercises ("I", "Y", "T", "i", "w", alternating arm "I"/"i", "n", and supine serratus punch) completed for 8 repetitions each for 3 weeks, and in weeks 4-6 completed at 2 sets of 8 repetitions each. Standard group coaching assistance will be provided. |
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| Shoulder Stabilization Exercise with External Cueing Device | Experimental | Protocol contains 8 exercises ("I", "Y", "T", "i", "w", alternating arm "I"/"i", "n", and supine serratus punch) completed for 8 repetitions each for 3 weeks, and in weeks 4-6 completed at 2 sets of 8 repetitions each. External cueing device provides movement pattern constraint and an external target zone for the individual for each exercise. Standard group coaching assistance will be provided. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| External Cueing Device | Device | A portable product that provides movement pattern constraints to ensure improved exercise form, and provides a target zone for exercise effort |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in isometric muscle torque production at 180 degrees shoulder abduction | Handheld dynamometer assessment of force production times lever arm distance (Newton.meters) of prone shoulder elevation in 180 degrees of abduction completed at baseline, after 3 and 6 weeks of the training program. | Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks. |
| Change from baseline in isometric muscle torque production at 135 degrees shoulder abduction | Handheld dynamometer assessment of force production times lever arm distance (Newton.meters) of prone shoulder elevation in 135 degrees of abduction completed at baseline, after 3 and 6 weeks of the training program. | Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks. |
| Change from baseline in isometric muscle torque production at 90 degrees shoulder abduction | Handheld dynamometer assessment of force production times lever arm distance (Newton.meters) of prone shoulder elevation in 90 degrees of abduction completed at baseline, after 3 and 6 weeks of the training program. | Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks. |
| Change from baseline in modified Athletic Shoulder Test at 180 degrees shoulder abduction | Maximum isometric force production with lying prone into a handheld dynamometer at a given lever arm distance results in muscle torque (Newton.meters) reading. This portion of the test is conducted at 180 degrees of abduction. | Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks. |
| Change from baseline in modified Athletic Shoulder Test at 135 degrees shoulder abduction | Maximum isometric force production with lying prone into a handheld dynamometer at a given lever arm distance results in muscle torque (Newton.meters) reading. This portion of the test is conducted at 135 degrees of abduction. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Raw Touch Score | Two strips of tape are placed 36 inches apart. Participants assume a push up position (male) or pushup on knees (Female) and are instructed to reach across and touch the opposing hand alternating arms. Maximum number of touches in 15 seconds is recorded. Higher number of touches indicates increased shoulder stability | Baseline, 6 weeks. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fredericka G. Evans Cultural Centre | Mobile | Alabama | 36603 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28217423 | Background | de Oliveira VM, Pitangui AC, Nascimento VY, da Silva HA, Dos Passos MH, de Araujo RC. TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF THE CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN UPPER EXTREMITY STABILITY TEST (CKCUEST) IN ADOLESCENTS: RELIABILITY OF CKCUEST IN ADOLESCENTS. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Feb;12(1):125-132. | |
| 36088802 | Background | Tooth C, Forthomme B, Croisier JL, Gofflot A, Bornheim S, Schwartz C. The Modified-Athletic Shoulder Test: Reliability and validity of a new on-field assessment tool. Phys Ther Sport. 2022 Nov;58:8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.08.003. Epub 2022 Aug 30. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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Exercise Program Alone Exercise Program with External Cueing Device
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| Exercise | Other | Shoulder stabilization exercise protocol contains 8 exercises ("I", "Y", "T", "i", "w", alternating arm "I"/"i", "n", and supine serratus punch) completed for 8 repetitions each for 3 weeks, and in weeks 4-6 completed at 2 sets of 8 repetitions each. |
|
| Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks. |
| Change from baseline in modified Athletic Shoulder Test at 90 degrees shoulder abduction | Maximum isometric force production with lying prone into a handheld dynamometer at a given lever arm distance results in muscle torque (Newton.meters) reading. This portion of the test is conducted at 90 degrees of abduction. | Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks. |
| Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Power Score | Two strips of tape are placed 36 inches apart. Participants assume a push up position (male) or pushup on knees (Female) and are instructed to reach across and touch the opposing hand alternating arms. Maximum number of touches in 15 seconds is recorded. Normalization is made by multiplying the raw touch score by 0.68 x Subject weight in Kg (representing the mass on the head arms and trunk) and dividing by the 15 seconds. Higher number indicates increased shoulder stability. | Baseline, 6 weeks. |
| Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Touch Score | Two strips of tape are placed 36 inches apart. Participants assume a push up position (male) or pushup on knees (Female) and are instructed to reach across and touch the opposing hand alternating arms. Maximum number of touches in 15 seconds is recorded. Touches are adjusted for subject height by dividing raw touch by subject height (in inches based on prior literature). Higher number of touches indicates increased shoulder stability | Baseline, 6 weeks. |
| Maximal Prone Arm Elevation at 180 degrees abduction | Distance from floor to wrist crease, measured in cm. | Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks. |
| Maximal Prone Arm Elevation at 135 degrees abduction | Distance from floor to wrist crease, measured in cm. | Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks. |
| Maximal Prone Arm Elevation at 90 degrees abduction | Distance from floor to wrist crease, measured in cm. | Baseline, 3 weeks, 6 weeks. |