2 clusters received: 1.The study intervention was Mosquito ShieldTM. The active ingredient releases on a controlled basis over a 1-month period (1 emanator in rooms up to 18 m 2 / 2 emanator per 9 m). The households in the intervention arm were provided with Mosquito ShieldTM for 9 months (April-December 2021). This was distributed directly to households every month with pictogram instructions in the local language describing the correct intervention usage: how to open Mosquito ShieldTM, the number to be installed per room, how to attach and position Mosquito ShieldTM and the duration of Mosquito ShieldTM usage (30 days) prior to replacement. 2. IECs (brochures and posters) with information on cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission, prevention, clinical symptoms, correct treatment seeking practices and treatment locations. 3. Free of charge access to diagnostic and treatment services

4 clusters received: 1. IECs (brochures and posters) with information on cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission, prevention, clinical symptoms, correct treatment seeking practices and treatment locations. 2. Free of charge access to diagnostic and treatment services

Spatial emanator with an active ingredient Transfluthrin (C15H12Cl2F4O2, 110mg, EPA registered number 432-1588).

Cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence per 1,000 will be estimated as the total number of cutaneous leishmaniasis episodes per 1,000 persons over the course of the trial. Two different incubation times or diagnostic cut-offs will be used: at 2 months post-intervention (from August 2021 to April 2022) and at 4 months post-intervention (from August 2021 to April 2022).

Phlebotomine sandfly density will be estimated monthly using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps inside shelters.

To measure community and household intervention acceptability and uptake, a questionnaire will be conducted post-intervention.