Dysfunctional Breathing, Exercise Capacity, and Balance in Hypertension

Relationship Between Dysfunctional Breathing, Exercise Capacity, and Balance in Patients With Hypertension: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

This prospective cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between dysfunctional breathing (DB), exercise capacity, and balance in patients with arterial hypertension (HT). DB is characterized by abnormal breathing patterns and is associated with symptoms such as dyspnea and inefficient ventilation, regardless of the presence of organic respiratory disease. Hypertension may further exacerbate these symptoms and contribute to impaired exercise performance and postural balance. The study will assess DB using the Nijmegen Questionnaire, along with anthropometric measurements, balance tests, and functional exercise capacity evaluations. Findings may contribute to better understanding of respiratory dysfunctions in hypertensive individuals and their impact on physical performance.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 18 and 70 years
• Diagnosed with hypertension and under follow-up for at least 6 months
• Willing to participate in the study voluntarily
• Nijmegen Questionnaire score of 23 or above

Exclusion Criteria:

• Medication change within the last month prior to study enrollment
• Presence of unstable metabolic disease