Participants were recruited from individuals seeking treatment at a physiotherapy clinic.

Stretching exercises, strengthening exercises, massage, relaxing exercises, breathing exercises, patient education

Bruxism will be assessed using self-reports, which are considered appropriate for both clinical and research purposes. Awake bruxism will be diagnosed based on participants' self-awareness, determined by asking whether they had noticed clenching or grinding their teeth while awake in the past six months. Individuals who respond affirmatively will be classified as having awake bruxism. Sleep bruxism will be diagnosed using the 2014 criteria established by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Participants will be asked whether they frequently noticed teeth grinding during sleep, will be informed of it by others, or observed excessive tooth wear. Additionally, they will be questioned about symptoms upon waking, such as jaw fatigue, tension, or pain; sensations of clenching or pain in the mouth; temple pain; difficulty opening the mouth; tension in the jaw joint requiring movement to release; or clicking sounds in the jaw joint that disappear afterward.

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD) will be evaluated using the Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index (HCDI). This instrument is considered valid and reliable measures of TMJD. The scoring system categorises participants into four groups: no clinical symptoms (score 0), mild TMJD (scores 1-4), moderate TMJD (scores 5-9), and severe TMJD (scores 10-25)

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD) will be evaluated using the Fonseca Questionnaire. This instrument is considered valid and reliable measures of TMJD. Participants will be instructed to respond to each question as 'yes' (10 points), 'no' (0 points), or 'sometimes' (5 points). The questionnaire results will be classified as no TMJD (0-15), mild TMJD (20-40), moderate TMJD (45-65), and severe TMJD (70-100) based on the responses provided by the participants.

The pain threshold of the masseter muscle will be assessed bilaterally over the muscle belly using a JTECH Commander digital algometer. Three measurements will be taken from the muscle belly, and the average value will be calculated. Participants will be instructed to indicate the moment they first perceived pain, and the value will be display on the device will be recorded as the pain threshold in pounds. Higher scores indicate better pain threshold.

The measurement of TMJPS will be conducted using 9 test sticks ranging from 4 mm to 8 mm in thickness, with 0.5 mm increments. A 6 mm thick wooden bar will be used as a reference. Participants first bit the 6 mm reference stick with their front teeth for 1 minute to familiarize themselves with the reference thickness. Subsequently, they will be asked to bite each of the 9 test sticks in a random order and compare their thickness to the reference stick. Each test stick will be presented 5 times, resulting in a total of 45 tests. Participants will indicate whether the test stick felt "thinner," "thicker," or "equal" compared to the reference stick. During the test, participants' eyes will be closed, and their responses will be recorded as correct (1 point) or incorrect (0 points). Total scores will be calculated for analysis.