The Kendall Exercises focus on correcting posture, strengthening the core, and re-educating muscles to improve spinal alignment and reduce pain .These exercises primarily target specific muscles and joint actions to help patients regain their range of motion.

The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a way of measuring pain intensity. It is often utilized in investigations concerning pain management. Visual analog scales (VAS) are psychometric measuring tools created to record the characteristics of disease-related symptom severity in individual patients and utilize this to achieve a quick (statistically observable and reproducible) classification of symptom severity and disease control. Scores are taken by placing a handwritten mark along a 10-cm line that depicts a pain spectrum between ""no pain"" and ""worst pain.""

The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is a widely used instrument for determining the degree of impairment and how low back pain affects a person's ability to do daily chores. Each of its 10 sections focuses on a different aspect of everyday life, such as pain severity, personal cleanliness, walking, lifting, sitting, standing, sleeping, and social life. A person's scores for each component are added based on the severity of their condition to determine their total disability percentage, which can range from 0% (no impairment) to 100% (severe disability). It is widely used in clinical settings to track changes over time and assess the effectiveness of treatments for low back pain (27).

The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) exhibits great validity (correlation with VAS: r= 0.67; Roland Morris: r=0.76) and high reliability (Cronbach's α > 0.70, ICC > 0.90)

A Goniometer is simple yet effective tool used to measure the range of motion of a joint.

0% to 20%: minimal disability:

21%-40%: moderate disability: 41%-60%: severe disability: Pain remains the main problem in this group but activities of daily living are affected. These patients require a detailed investigation.

61%-80%: crippled: Back pain impinges on all aspects of the patient's life. Positive intervention is required.

81%-100%: These patients are either bed-bound or exaggerating their symptoms.