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Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a prevalent binocular vision disorder that leads to symptoms such as eye strain, headaches, and blurred vision during near work. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of pencil pushup exercises versus base-out exercising prisms in the management of CI. A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) will be conducted with 28 participants, using non-probability convenience sampling from SIGHTON Optix, Lahore. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group (receiving base-out exercising prisms) or the control group (receiving pencil push up exercises). The study will assess symptom improvement using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), near point of convergence (NPC).
The study will also evaluate quality of life (QoL) using a vision-related QoL questionnaire. The total study duration is 3 months, with a primary goal of determining the relative efficacy of these two interventions. This study is expected to provide valuable insights into effective, evidence-based management options for convergence insufficiency, ultimately improving patient outcomes and guiding clinical practice. The collected data will be analysed by using SPSS.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| base-out exercising prisms | Experimental |
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| pencil pushup exercises | Active Comparator |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| base-out exercising prisms | Combination Product | Participants in the experimental group will use base-out exercising prisms as their primary intervention. This involves:
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey | For Children (< age 21) total score = 16 or higher is suggestive of convergence insufficiency. For Adults total score = 21 or higher is suggestive of convergence insufficiency. | 12 Months |
| Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOL) | Scoring Instructions:
Interpretation:
| 12 Months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SIGHTON Optix Mozang Chungi | Lahore | Punjab Province | Pakistan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015835 | Ocular Motility Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D003389 | Cranial Nerve Diseases |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
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| pencil pushup exercises | Diagnostic Test | Participants in the control group will perform pencil pushup exercises as their primary intervention. This involves: 1. Procedure: o Holding a pencil or similar object vertically at arm's length and focusing on a letter or small mark on it. o Gradually moving the pencil closer to the nose until the participant experiences visual blur or sees double. o Returning the pencil to the starting position and repeating the process. 2. Schedule: o Exercises will be prescribed for 15-20 minutes daily, 5 days a week, for a total duration of 6 weeks. 3. Monitoring: o Participants will receive instructions during the initial session and periodic supervision at follow-up visits to ensure proper technique and adherence. o Progress will be monitored weekly through symptom reporting and clinical measurements. |
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