Efficacy Of Pencil Pushup Exercise Vs Base Out Exercising Prism's In Patient With Convergence Insufficiency

Efficacy Of Pencil Pushup Exercise Vs Base Out Exercising Prism's In Patient With Convergence Insufficiency

Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a prevalent binocular vision disorder that leads to symptoms such as eye strain, headaches, and blurred vision during near work. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of pencil pushup exercises versus base-out exercising prisms in the management of CI. A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) will be conducted with 28 participants, using non-probability convenience sampling from SIGHTON Optix, Lahore. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group (receiving base-out exercising prisms) or the control group (receiving pencil push up exercises). The study will assess symptom improvement using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), near point of convergence (NPC).

The study will also evaluate quality of life (QoL) using a vision-related QoL questionnaire. The total study duration is 3 months, with a primary goal of determining the relative efficacy of these two interventions. This study is expected to provide valuable insights into effective, evidence-based management options for convergence insufficiency, ultimately improving patient outcomes and guiding clinical practice. The collected data will be analysed by using SPSS.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients having CISS score more than 16 or higher for children aged <21 and 21 or higher for adults.
• Patients diagnosed with convergence insufficiency based on clinical tests (e.g., near point of convergence).
• Age group: 10-50
• Patients experiencing symptoms related to convergence insufficiency, such as eye strain, headaches, blurred vision, or double vision during near work.
• Able to perform pencil push-up exercises correctly after demonstration.
• No other significant ocular or neurological conditions that might affect vision or convergence.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any type of strabismus.
• Amblyopia.
• Refractive error more than 6 diopters.
• Patients with history of prism prescription.
• History of strabismus surgery or refractive error surgery.
• History of eye trauma.
• Any systemic and neurological diseases affecting binocular vision such as diabetes, myasthenia gravis, Graves', and multiple sclerosis.