This observational cross-sectional study aims to compare the effect of axial length on the cup-to-disc ratio in non-glaucomatous hypertensive patients. Data will be collected from Khursheed Begum Eye Hospital and LRBT Hospital, with a sample size of 104 participants. A purposive sampling technique will be used.

Patients aged 18-70 years with systemic hypertension for at least one year and normal intraocular pressure will be included. Exclusion criteria include glaucoma, high myopia, hyperopia, ocular surgery, trauma, and optic nerve diseases. Axial length will be measured using optical biometry or A-scan ultrasonography, while the cup-to-disc ratio will be assessed through fundus examination using a slit lamp biomicroscope with a +90D lens or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Data will be meticulously documented, including patient demographics and medical history. The study will be completed within six months after approval, ensuring accurate and standardized measurements for reliable results.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male and female patients diagnosed with systemic hypertension for at least 1 year.
• Age between 18-70 years.
• Normal intraocular pressure (IOP<-21mmhg)
• Axial length between 21mm and 26mm (to exclude extreme refractive errors)

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
• High myopia (<-6.00 D) or hyperopia (>+6.00D).
• History of ocular surgery, trauma, or retinal diseases.
• Any optic nerve diseases.

his observational cross-sectional study aims to compare the effect of axial length on the cup-to-disc ratio in non-glaucomatous hypertensive patients. Data will be collected from Khursheed Begum Eye Hospital and LRBT Hospital